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| In North Africa, world's largest desert. Camels used to get across |
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| Grassy plains that cover 1/2 of Africa. |
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| Area of plains and shrubs between the Savanna and Sahara. Is becoming desert. |
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| Being weathered, becoming part of desert. |
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| In the southern third of Africa, high cliffs that are used as a barrier. |
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| Waterfalls and rapids, caused by escarpments. |
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North: Hot and dry
South: Hot and moist |
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| Moving from place to place to follow food. |
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| Example of nomadic lifestyle |
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| Stayed in one place, domesticated animals, farmed and had permanent houses. |
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| A group of people from a common descent. |
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| African "religion", belief of spirits in nature and of one superior God. |
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| Inheritace passed through father's side |
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| Tracing ancestory through mother's relatives. |
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| People, common ancestors, blood line |
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| In SE Nubia, extended from mountains of present-day Ethiopia to the Red Sea. Descendants from African farmers and people from the Middle East |
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| Port on Red Sea, capital of Aksum |
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| Brought Christianity to Aksum |
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| Stone pillar to celebrate achievements |
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| Askum converted to this religion, at frist strengthened ties with North Africa and Medditerrranean. Old temples were replaced by churches. |
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| Successfull trading center and remained Christian. |
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| Female ruler of Egypt, encouraged trade and not war |
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| Ancient kingdom of upper Nile located in present-day Sumer |
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| Kush king, united Nile and conquered Egypt |
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| Nubia's capital after move, trade center |
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| The root of West African language. |
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| South and out of the Sahara |
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| Skilled farmers, ironworkers and domesticators (settled lifestyle). |
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| Deseased powerful, prosperous capital of great inland empire 900-1500 AD. |
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| Massive stone walls, palaces and cone-shaped towers. Rich with gold fields. |
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| UNKNOWN, could've been taken over or have outgrew itself. |
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| What happened to Great Zimbabwe? |
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| What European country interfaced with Benin? |
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| From 700-1000 AD West Africa, known as"Land of Gold". The kingdom created after uniting many farm villages, located in the "V" made by Niger and Senegal Rivers. |
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| Salt, gold, taxed traders. |
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| Everyone born in a certain year has certain priveledges. |
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| Arabic and Bantu blended, from trade. |
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| 1235-1400 AD, Sundiata was a ruler. |
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| King of Mali, doubled size of Mali, religious tolerance |
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| West Africa, 1400-1592 AD |
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| Ruler of Songhai, converted to Muslim |
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-Moroccans
-Songhai lacked modern weapons such as guns and gun powder, Moroccans had these |
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| Who conquered Songhai and how? |
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| 1300's AD, had lots of bronze, contact with Portugal |
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| Farm village, not seen as major African civilization |
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