Term
|
Definition
| humans discovered farming |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tigris and Euphrates rivers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| yellow and Yangtze rivers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a complex and highly organized society that includes a government, social classes, job specialization, a fodd surplus, writing and religious beliefs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the first civilizations developed around 3000 bc in areas of land known as |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is located in northeastern africa |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| located in the middle east |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| oldest written set of laws in the world that is known for its strict laws |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| located in india major river indus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the urban(city) areas of this civilization were organized an d well planned |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ancient river valleys were all |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| trade without using money |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| period of great achievements in art, literature, math, and science |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| located on a peninsula with an irregular coastline in southeastern europe |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| because Greece has a very ___ geography it was not a united civilization |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| two most famous city-states(polis) of greece |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a military society where en spent most their time training. people had very little freedom |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| known for having the first democracy in the world. had direct democracy. focused mainly on cculture |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the type of religion in Greece was |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| famous leader who conquered Greece, Egypt, Persia(iran), and part of india. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| alexander the great spread this culture to all of the areas he conquered |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| located on the peninsula of italy |
|
|
Term
| roads and Mediterranean sea |
|
Definition
| romans were wealthy form trade because of the ___ they built and because the ____ connected areas within their empire |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| written set of laws that stated the ruels of behavior for members of the roman society |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the 200 year golden age of rome |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| considered the golden age of india |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| social hierarchy o findia in which people were born into a social class |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| similar to Hammurabi code bc of their harsh rules and think humans are evil |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| han dynasty grew wealthy through trade because of the system of |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| system in which government positions were given only to skilled people who passed difficult exams |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| was a long trade route that extended about 4000 from china in the east to the Mediterranean sea in the west |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| code of behavior for muslims |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ending reincarnation and stopping the cycle of death and rebirth(goal of hindus) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ending reincarnation and stopping the cycle of death and rebirth(Buddhism) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| major philosophy of china |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the idea that every single person has specific roles and obligations that must be followed in order to keep order and stability |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the idea that people must honor and respect the elders of their fammily |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| after the western area of the empire roman was conquered by invading Germanic tribes in the year 476ad the eastern portion of the roman empire survived and became known as the |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the capital city of the byzantine empire |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| written system of laws created by emperor Justinian that was later adopted by various European civilizations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| religious and moral duties and obligations that are required of all muslims |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| founded islam who was born in mecca |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| political system of the middle ages in which kings throughout Europe gave land away to nobles in return for their loyalty and military servcie |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| religious wars of the middle ages in which Christians from euraope fought to regain control of the holy land from muslims |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| trade increased and feudalism decreased |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| one of the largest migrations of people in history due to a shortage of land |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| was the most famous ruler of mali(Africa) |
|
|
Term
| trans-Saharan trade routes |
|
Definition
| Ghana, mali, and Songhai all grew wealthy for the same reason they were all located along the |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the golden age of western european |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| rulers must have absolute power and do whatever in necessary to stay in power |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| was the religious revolution that challenged the catholic church and led to further division of christianity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| german monk who created the 95 thesis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| king of England who separated form the catholic church because he wanted a divorce from his wife |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| swiss reformer who belieed in prededtination |
|
|
Term
| effects of the protestant reformatino |
|
Definition
| the power of the church decreased, the power of monarchs increased, religious unity in Europe came to an end |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| invented by Johannes guteenburg and helped spread ideas quickly, helped spread the protestant reformation, and increased literature |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lived in the andes mountains in south America and established a large empire |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| since the inca lived in the mountains, they learned to farm by cutting flat areas |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| first explorer to round the cape of good hope(southern tip of Africa) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| first explorer to reach india by going around cape of hope |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| first explorer to reach the americas |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| first explorer to circumnavigate the globe |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the Spanish and portugese ___ colonized land in the americas |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a labor system in which the native americans were forced to work on Spanish farming plantations and in Spanish mines |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the idea that colonies exist only to make the mother country (spain and Portugal) wealthy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the trade route taken by Europeans in the atlantic ocean. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| term used to describe the exchange of people, plants, animals, ideas and technology between Europe and north and south america |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| refers to the new forms of business that were introduced during the age of exploration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| form of business in which profits from one project are reinvested in other projects in order to make more money |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| investors would combine money to help pay for trading projects |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Italian merchant who traveled to china over the silk road when is was ruled by the mongols |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| arab/muslim explorer who traveled a total of 75,000 miles and visited lands in afria, asia, ad europe |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Chinese explorer of the ming dynasty who sailed the indian and pacific oceans to lands that included southeast asia, india, the western coast of africa |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| was the period in European history when nations were governed by absolute monarchs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the idea that kings received their power to rule directly from god |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| was the absolute monarch of Russia. also westernized russia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| was the absolute monarch of france |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| absolute monarch of spain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| was the absolute monarch of england |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the was the absolute monarch of the ottoman empire |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| science and reason were used to explain how the world worked. people no longer turned to the bible and the catholic church for answers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the idea that the planets revolve around the sun |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| astronomer who developed the heliocentric model |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| astronomer who proved Copernicus correct. was put on trial bc his ideas went against his teachings |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| mathematician and astronomer who developed calculus and the theory of gravity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| astronomer who helped discover how planets moved |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| mathematician, scientist, and philosopher |
|
|
Term
| effects of the scientific revolution |
|
Definition
| spread of new ideas in europes, challenged traditional authority, led to enlightenment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| enlightenment philosophers believed in the government of |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| believed that all people have natural rights. also said that people have the right to overthrow governments that fail to protect these rights |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in order to prevent kings from becoming too strong, he believed that power in government should be divided into three branches so there is a separation of powers and a system of checks and balances |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| believed everyone in entitled to freedom of speech and freedom of religion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| believed that society is a social contract |
|
|
Term
| effects of the enlightenment |
|
Definition
| helped cause political revolutions in france, latin America, and the united states. also enlightened despots |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is an event in which the people of a country overthrow an existing government and create a new ggovernment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the event in which the people of England successfully limited the power of their monarchs |
|
|
Term
| limited the English kings power |
|
Definition
| magna carta, petition of right, English bill of rights, habeas corpus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the event in which the people of france overthrew their king Louis XVI and fought for more rights |
|
|
Term
| declaration of the rights of man |
|
Definition
| a document written during the French revolution that gave equal rights to the men of rance and created a fair system of taxation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| event where leaders of the French revolution executed thousands of people |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| effects of the French revolution |
|
Definition
| king loius XVI of france was executed by robisspierre and the middle class gained more power and rights |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ruler who came to power at the end of the French revolution |
|
|
Term
| latin American revolutions |
|
Definition
| the events where the colonies of latin America fought to gain independence |
|
|
Term
| causes of latin American revolutions |
|
Definition
| governments were controlled by peninsulares who treatd people poorly creoles, mestizos, native americans, and slaves demanded more rights |
|
|
Term
| leaders who helped gain independence in latin america |
|
Definition
| simon bolivar, jose de san martin, Miguel hidalgo, Toussaint louverture |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| was the change fron producing goods by hand to producing goods with machines in factories |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the industrial revolutions started in___ because of its natural resouces |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| used during industrial revolution-business and factories should be owned by individuals not gov |
|
|
Term
| karl marx and friedrich engels |
|
Definition
| these two men believed that laissez faire and capitalism were bad |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Giuseppe garibaldi, Giuseppe Mazzini, count camillo di cavour |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| used blood and iron policy to unite germany |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| over 90% of Africa was taken over by European countries that scrambled to take over the ccontinent |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| rebellion in which india tried to gain independence ffrom great Britain but failed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| rebellion in which china tried but failed to gain independence from the various European nations that controlled them |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| period in Japanese history when japan was ruled by emperor meiji |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| militarism, alliancews, imperialism, and nationalism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the assassination of archducke ferdinand |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the treaty that ended wwI, it severely punished Germany in a number of ways |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| during wwI the turks of the ottoman empire attempted to kill all of the Armenians that lied in their territory |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the attempted extermination of an entire ethnic group |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ottoman empire was broken up, Armenian massacre, and women gained suffrage |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an event where the Russians overthrew their czar and created a new government |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| this was the radical group that was leading the Russian revolution |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| leader of the Bolsheviks and promised peace land and bread |
|
|
Term
| effects of the Russian revolution |
|
Definition
| czar Nicholas II was executed, lenein and the Bolsheviks came to power in Russia, Russia became a communist nation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| first president of turkey and considred a nationalist |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| name of for the nationalist movement of jews |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the famous nationalist leader of india who fought for independence from Britain using non violent methods |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| famous event where ghandi protested british taxes on salt by leading a peaceful march to the sea to make his own salt |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| joseph stalin was the totalitarian leader of |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| benito Mussolini was the totalitarian leader of |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hitler was the totalitarian leader of |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ended freedom of speech in their countires |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| messages that were meant to influence the way people thought |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a policy where and aggressive nation is give what they want by other nations to avoid war |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| formation of the united nations, declaration of human rights, Nuremberg trials |
|
|
Term
| declaration of human rights |
|
Definition
| a document created by the united nations that lists the rights that all people should have within their nations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the 50 year struggle between the united nations and soviet union |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| term used by Winston Churchill to describe the imaginary line dividing the democratic countries of western Europe form the communist countries of eastern Europe |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the united states 400 million in economic and military aid to Greece and turkey to help them defeat communist countries of eastern europe |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the us gave 13 billion to the countries of western Europe to help them rebuild after ww2 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| was military alliance between the united states, Canada, and the democratic nations of western Europe. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| this was a military alliance between the soviet union and the other communist nations of eastern europe |
|
|
Term
| Hungarian revolution of 1956 |
|
Definition
| when hangary tried to break away from soviet control, the soviet union sent in the army and repressed the rebellion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the united states and soviet union competed to build up the largest supply of nuclear weapons |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the first communist dictator of china |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| was the attempt by mao to modernize the industrial and agricultural production of china |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| was the ruler of china after mao Zedong and changed the economy of china from a communist to a market economy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| this was a series of protests where the Chinese peacefully demanded democratic reforms, they wanted more rights and a say in the government |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the period after ww2 in which the nations of Africa and asia finally gained independence from the European nations that controlled them |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| gained independence for kenya |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| gained independence for ghana |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the system of racial segregation that was used in south Africa from 1948 until 1990 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| black south African nationalist leader who fought against leader who fought against apartheid, he was improsined for 27 years and became the first black president of south africa |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the hutus slaughtered 800,000 ___ in only a few months |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| nationalist leader who led and 8 year war against france to gain independence for vietname |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| communist group who ruled after Cambodia got indepenedence |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| was the leader of the Khmer rouge and ruler of Cambodia, brutal dictator who denied people their rights |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the belief that governments should create societies that are based firmly on the rules of islam |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| this event brought ayatollah khomeiini to power. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| he was the soviet leader who helped bring an end to communism in the soviet union |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a program in which gorbachev allowed freedom of speech within the soviet union |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| he was the first democratically elected president in the history of russia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the hutus killed almost one million tusis in 1994 |
|
|
