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| The increasing integration of economics, communications, culture, etc. across national boundaries |
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– Existence of social, economic, and political links, etc. among people and private organizations across national borders.
– describes and explains “...a world which is characterized by networks of connections that span multicontinental distances”
– Static description/attitude/identity |
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| organizations that subsume a number of states and their functions within a larger role. |
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Private goods" -- excludable & rivalrous •
"Club goods" -- excludable and non-rivalrous • "
Public goods" -- non-excludable & non-rivalrous •
"Common goods" -- non-excludable and rivalrous |
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| How globalization/transnationalism solve problems |
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Globalization- (resolve)States have lost authority due to supranational institutions such as EU, many individual groups views are now becoming global values, World economic integration
Globalization/Transnationalism can help states resolve differences through the reciprocity principle. The more each state relies and is intertwined with others, the harder it will be to sever ties |
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| Advantages of integration |
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more resources, finances, investments
saw as a large part of the world=more power |
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Makes its complex when trying to solve an issue like free trade across national borders
Economic and Military issues are ofter hard to bridge, no one wants to share
Political issues are hard to solve under one unified government/ nationality and citizenship
When many members are present in the systems, decisions are harder to make |
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| international law as a vehicle for managing conflict |
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| treaties, custom, general principles of law, legal scholarship |
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| only case of violation comes from a small penalty or a very important matter, universal commitment to respect basic principles of law |
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| generally accepted practice of law |
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| general principles of law |
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| written arguments of the professionals in the field |
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| Non violent conflict managment |
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| Collective response->Sanctions-agreements with other states to stop trade with the violator or to stop some particular commodity trade as a punishment for violation Can be very costly, could become a pariah |
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| Why does conflict management not work sometimes and are solved with violence |
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the reciprocity concept (sanctions and collective response), only works if the aggrieved state has power to inflict loss states may respond to aggression
could be ethnic, idealogica, religious, economic, governmental, or territorial |
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| Framework of concepts, assumptions and generalizations that help organize tools & techniques |
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-statement about how the world works
-what causes the world to work
-defines aspects: independent or dependent upon situation
-Identifies recurring phenomena |
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| independent variables- what falls under it? |
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| Anything under the global, inerstate(national),domestic, or individual levels of analysis |
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Realism- traditional
Liberalism-competitor to realism
constructivism- New school of thought |
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| International relations driven by the unrelenting and competitive pursuit of power by states in the effort to secure state interests. |
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Anarchy has powerful effect State is the most important actor “Power”drives all of a state’s activities
SAP |
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| liberalisms major aspects |
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Optimistic view of humankind
• Draws on the principles of Reciprocity & Identity
• Strong emphasis on cooperation between states
• Peace CAN be achieved
• Peace and cooperation among states can produce absolute gains for all |
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Liberal Institutionalism
– States follow mutually advantageous rules with IGOs to monitor and enforce them
•Liberal Commercialism
–Economic interdependence grows when states rely upon each other for goods
-more economic interaction = the less likely states will engage in conflict
•Liberal Internationalism
–Democracies do not fight
more democratic states in the system = less international conflict |
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Identities and Ideas Matter
puts IR in the context of broader social relations
Structure is not all-determining-anarchy is what states make out of it
Norms and ideas are important
Individuals and nonstate actors are key to the promotion of ideas |
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Causes of conflict from a level of analysis approach
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Individual, domestic, inerstate, global
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Individual theory of conflict
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center around rationality- achieve more by going to war rather than be at peace
Deviations from rationality, misinformed public
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Domestic- aptness of going to war with other state, political parties, interest groups, diffences in government
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Interstate level of conflict |
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Inerstate- power relation among states at the intl level, use of deterrence fails(building up of power), democracy, trade, intl organizations
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| Global- war/conflict is cyclical, long economical waves, moving away from war b/c of tech and intl norms, military power is too powerfull |
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Six types of international conflict:
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| Idealogical, Religion, Ethnic conflict, Territorial Disputes, Control of Government, Economic Conflict |
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devotion to interests of ones nation over interests of other states, huge aspect in the world today, Self determination- identifying as a nation and forming a state to exercise sovereignty, patriotism
Links all conflict together |
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in group bias
tendency to see own group good and any other group bad |
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one of the most important sources of conf.
Groups share a variety of traits
Closely tied to territorial control, one ethnic group inside anothers territory, most often long standing historical beef, religious/economic exploitation
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referred to as absolute truth, core value of a communities value system
People who are different are shunned
Some are based around fundamentalism- members of a religion organizing community, life, values around belief: willing to die
Shiite- iran, lebanon, iraq
Sunni-iraq, palestine, somalia, phillipines, pakistan, afghan.
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often symbolizes and intensifies conflicts more than it causes them
Ex) Cold war struggle b/w capitalism and communism
Revolutions tend to lose ideal. Fervor/lose steam
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- often 2 varieties: territorial/border disputes and control of entire states
- Since WWII strong norms against using force for borders
- Secession- conflict within a state, can easily spill over into intl borders
- Border disputes are taken more seriously intl., can be settle peacefully
- Territorial waters- 3mi=terr., 12mi=shipping, 200mi=excl. Economic zone
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- Most disputes arise from who will control govt
- Along with territorial disputes lead to violence
- Involve core issues/integrity of states
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Most pervasive form of conflict, any sale entails a resolution of conflicting interests
Principle of mutual gain, use of violence= no profit
Types of economic conflict: mercantilism, lateral pressure, military industry, strategic materials |
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power of one state can balance anothers out
Alliances(big state with little state to = out power of a big state) |
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| a government has the right to do whatever it wants with its land/territory |
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| ability to influence the behavior of others |
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Theory realism developed from
emphasizes intl law, morality, intl organization, think human nature is virtually good |
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goal of regaining lost territory
form of nationalism |
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