Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Global - Islam
Islam Review Cards
68
Education
9th Grade
03/04/2010

Additional Education Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Bedouins
Definition
Arab tribe
Term
Tribe
Definition
Family
Term
Bedouin Values
Definition
Courage and loyalty to family
Term
Mecca
Definition
One of most important trade cities, crossroads of two key land routes, close to coastal sea routes, contained Ka'Aba, center of religion and trade
Term
Religious Beliefs of Pre-Islamic Arabia
Definition
Polytheistic
Term
Where was Muhammad born in 570 AD?
Definition
Mecca
Term
What was life like in Arabia when Muhammad was born?
Definition
Harsh & barren, broken by occasional oasis. Migration, grim social life
Term
What did Muhammad's tribe (the Quraysh) do for a living?
Definition
Caravan traders
Term
What did Muhammad's tribe (the Quraysh) do for a living?
Definition
Caravan traders
Term
What special job did Muhammad's tribe have?
Definition
Keepers of the Ka'Aba
Term
What was Muhammad like in terms of his character?
Definition
Trustworthy, fair, efficient
Term
What did the angel Gabriel tell Muhammad in his first revelations?
Definition
Proclaim - There must be no other god but Allah
Term
How is Islam linked to Christianity and Judaism?
Definition
Muhammad believed Allah was the same god worshiped by Jews and Christians
Term
How did Muhammad's teachings challenge the beliefs held by Arab society?
Definition
Arab society was polytheistic
Term
What mystical experience did Muhammad have after the death of his wife Khadijah and his uncle?
Definition
Gabriel presented him a winged horse and took him to Jerusalem. He saw Abraham and Moses. His soul left his body and he stood at the summit of the universe.
Term
What problems did the settlement of Yathrib have? How did Muhammad become a political leader of Yathrib (Medina?)
Definition
Yathrib was divided and needed a strong leader
Term
What was new and special about the community of Yathrib (Medina?)
Definition
It was a community bound together by religion and not by blood
Term
Why did Muhammad believe he would have to eliminate the enemies of Islam?
Definition
He feels it is the only way for Islam & his followers to survive
Term
What does the term "jihad" mean? How has it been distorted?
Definition
Jihad means "struggle." It has come to mean "holy struggle/war"
Term
In what way did Muslims take up arms against their Quraysh enemies? Why did the Muslims have no choice but to do this?
Definition
They start making raids on the traders. They feel they have to do this for survival
Term
What did Muhammad do in 630 when he and his followers conquered Mecca?
Definition
They went to the Ka'Aba and destroyed the idols of every god but Allah
Term
Reaction in Mecca to Muhammad's teachings
Definition
Negative reactions - see them as a threat, Muhammad is forced to leave Mecca
Term
Hirajh & Significance
Definition
Muhammad leaves Mecca for Medina. Marks the beginning of the spread of Islam, establishment of the Umma (the Muslim community,) Muhammad becomes both a political and religious leader
Term
Five Pillars of Islam
Definition
The regular religious practices that all Muslims are required to fulfill
Term
Faith (Five Pillars)
Definition
Faith - a Muslim who believes "there is no god but Allah and that Muhammad is the messenger of god."
Term
Prayer (Five Pillars)
Definition
Prayer - Muslims pray 5 times daily - dawn, shortly after noon, mid-afternoon, after sunset, and at night. Get down on their knees and face Mecca
Term
Fasting (Five Pillars)
Definition
Fasting - In Ramadan (month which Muslims believe Gabriel gave Muhammad his revelations,) Muslims fast daily from dawn to sunset.
Term
Almsgiving (Five Pillars)
Definition
Almsgiving (Charity) - Muslims must payy 2 1/2% of their wealth to a zakat fund, which is distributed to needy or poor people in the community
Term
Hajj
Definition
Pilgrimage to Mecca - Religious trip to Mecca
Term
Qu'ran
Definition
Sacred text. Allah's revelations to Muhammad, the unquestionable word of Allah
Term
Sunna
Definition
Muhammad's example of ideal behavior that Muslims must try to follow
Term
Sharia
Definition
A system of Islamic law based on the Qu'ran. Regulates family life, community, moral behavior, business
Term
Hadith
Definition
The accounts of Muhammad's stories of his activities and teachings
Term
Dietary & Religious Restrictions
Definition
No pork, no alcohol (intoxicants,) no idols or images of Muhammad, no gambling
Term
Hijab
Definition
Headscarf worn by Muslim women to be distinguished as decent, believing women
Term
Judgment Day
Definition
All people will stand before Allah to be judged according to their actions and will be sent to heaven or hell
Term
Mosque
Definition
Muslim house of worship
Term
Founders
Definition
Judaism - Abraham, Moses
Christianity - Abraham, Moses, Jesus
Islam - Abraham, Moses, Jesus, Muhammad
Term
Sacred text
Definition
Judaism - Torah
Christianity - Bible
Islam - Qu'ran
Term
Symbols of Faith
Definition
Judaism - Star of David
Christianity - Cross/Crucifix
Islam - Crescent moon and star
Term
Holy Days
Definition
Judaism - Saturday
Christianity - Sunday
Islam - Friday
Term
Moral Law
Definition
Judaism - Obedience to 10 Commandments
Christianity - Obedience to 10 Commandments
Islam - Five Pillars, Shariah, Obedience to 10 Commandments
Term
Holy Days Requiring Fasting
Definition
Judaism - Yom Kippur
Christianity - Lent
Islam - Ramadan
Term
Why are Rightly Guided Caliphs called what they are?
Definition
They came after the prophet Muhammad and they followed Muhammad's example of leadership and strictly adhered to the Koran
Term
How did Islam spread in the 7th Century?
Definition
Well disciplined & skilled Islamic army, Byzantin & Persian sasannid empires were weak - Muslims able to take their lands, tolerant rulers, believed they had a righteous cause - Allah was on their side
Term
Major Accomplishments of the Rightly Guided Caliphs
Definition
Islam expanded into Egypt, Syria, Persian & Armenia; the Koran was written
Term
What caused the schism between Sunnis and Shiites?
Definition
Sunni wanted dynastic rule "as long as you follow Muhammad's rule, you can be a caliph." Shi'ite wants only descendants of Muhammad to be rulers.
Term
How did the Umayyad family come to power?
Definition
They set up a dynasty by violence.
Term
How did the Umayyads abandon the teachings of Islam?
Definition
They abandoned the simple life of previous caliphs and began to surround themselves with wealth and ceremony similar to that of non-Muslims rulers
Term
Why were the Umayyads overthrown?
Definition
Rebellious groups claimed their luxurious lifestyle did not follow Muhammad's example
Term
Major Accomplishment of the Umayyad Caliphate
Definition
Expanded the Muslim Empire into Spain, North Africa, and India
Term
What factors brought wealth and stability to the Abbasid caliphate?
Definition
Strong bureaucracy, efficient tax systems that levied taxes, common language (Arabic,) tolerance extended to non-Muslims, moved capital to Baghdad (better trade location,) established Abbasid Dinar (currency,) created efficient banking system, land trade routes connected with Silk Road, Indian Ocean, and Mediterranean sea
Term
Sunni
Definition
Believed that the first 4 caliphs were rightly guided, believed that Muslim rulers should follow the Sunna, claimed that the Shi'a have distored the meaning of various passages in the Qu'ran
Term
Shi'a
Definition
Believed that Ali should have succeeded Muhammad, believed that all Muslim rulers should be descended from Muhammad, do not recognize the authority of the Sunna, claimed that the Sunni have distorted the meaning of various passages in the Qu'ran
Term
Names of the Rightly Guided Caliphs
Definition
Abu-Bakr, Umar, Uthman, Ali
Term
Calligraphy
Definition
Decorative writing used in Islam, meant to glorify Allah
Term
Pictorial Calligraphy
Definition
Pictures are formed using calligraphy
Term
Arabesque
Definition
Complex ornate designs that incorporate flowers, leaves, and geometric patterns
Term
Astrolabe
Definition
Tool developed for navigation, calculating time and relative position, helped determine your latitude
Term
What rulers did the Golden Age of Islam occur under?
Definition
Abbasid Caliphate
Term
What cultures did Muslim borrow and expand knowledge of?
Definition
Greeks, Persians, Indians
Term
Baghdad
Definition
Center of learning and Abbasid capital, contained House of Wisdom
Term
House of Wisdom
Definition
A library, translation center, observatory, and science captivity
Term
What did Muslims preserve in the House of Wisdom?
Definition
Ancient texts
Term
What were the key achievements of the Golden Age?
Definition
"Arabic" numbers, algebra, decimal system/concept of zero, surgeries, anesthetics, examinations for physicians, calculating the Earth's circumfrence, calligraphy, and astrolabe
Term
Why did Muslims place such a great emphasis on learning?
Definition
Muhammad thought education was important
Term
Why was astronomy an important area of study for Muslims?
Definition
It helped them fulfill the 5 Pillars - helped locate where Mecca was
Term
Which Muslim achievements are still used today?
Definition
Emergency rooms, calligraphy, Arabic number system, algebra, etc.
Supporting users have an ad free experience!