·      Be familiar with two general categories of energy

laws of thermodynamics 

First Law: Energy is neither created nor destroyed, it changes from one form to another

Second Law: Energy transformations are not 100% efficient

·      Be familiar with US energy consumption by source (2016) - % renewable

4.9% biomass

2.5% hydropower

.2% geothermal

2.2% wind 

.6% solar 

nr 

petroleum 36.9

natural gas 29.2

coal 14.6

uranium 8.6

·      Be familiar with primary vs secondary energy sources

·      Be familiar with US sources of electricity generation (2016)

15% renewable 

34% natural gas 

20% nuclear 

30% coal

·      What is electricity?

Electricity movement of electrons between atoms 

·      Be familiar with differences between once through and closed-cycle cooling systems.

·      How much water and how is water used in generating electricity?

·      Be familiar with effects/consequences of mountaintop mining and valley fills

- Consequences include: loss of topsoil = flooding, burial of headwater streams = effects water quality, stream biodiversity and nutrient cycling is affected, human health impacts

filling valleys destroys watersheds and fills rivers or streams

·      Be familiar with effects/consequences of mountaintop mining and valley fills

- Consequences include: loss of topsoil = flooding, burial of headwater streams = effects water quality, stream biodiversity and nutrient cycling is affected, human health impacts

filling valleys destroys watersheds and fills rivers or streams worse infiltration

1. Wyoming 

2. west virginia 

3. kentucky 

4. Illinois

5. Pennsylvania 

·      Be familiar with coal as a non-renewable energy resource