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Global Business
Ethics, Management, Motivation, Human Resource (McGraw Hill Business Book Chapters 4,7,10,11, Apendix A)
108
Business
Undergraduate 2
04/16/2013

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Term
Ethics
Definition
Standards of moral behavior, that is, behavior accepted by society as right versus wrong
Term
Compliance-Based Ethics Codes
Definition
Ethical Standards that emphasize preventing unlawful behavior by increasing control and by penalizing wrongdoers
Term
Integrity-based ethics codes
Definition
Ethical standards that define the organization's guiding values, create an enviornment that supports ethically sound behavior, and stress a shared accountability among employees.
Term
Whistleblowers
Definition
Insiders who report illegal or unethical behavior
Term
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)
Definition
A business's concern for the welfare of society
Term
Corporate Philanthropy
Definition
The dimension of social responsibility that includes charitable donations.
Term
Corporate Social Initiatives
Definition
Enhanced forms of corporate philanthropy directly related to the companys competencies
Term
Corporate Responsibility
Definition
The dimension of social responsibility that includes everything from hiring minority workers to making safe products.
Term
Corporate Policy
Definition
The dimension of social responsibility that refers to the position a firm takes on social and political issues
Term
Insider Trading
Definition
An unethical activity in which insiders use private company information to further their own fortunes or those of their family and friends.
Term
Social Audit
Definition
A systematic evaluation of an organization's progress toward implementing socially responsible and responsive programs
Term
Management
Definition
The process used to accomplish organizational goals through planning, organizing, leading, and controlling people and other organizational resources.
Term
Planning
Definition
A management function that includes anticipating trends and determining the best stratgesies and tactics to achieve organizational goals and objectives.
Term
Organizing
Definition
A management function that includes designing the structure of the organization and creating conditions and systems in which everyone and everything work together to achieve the organizations goals and objectives.
Term
Controlling
Definition
A management function that involves establishing clear standards to determine whether or not an organization is progressing toward its goals and objectives, rewarding people for doing a good job, and taking corrective action if they are not.
Term
Vision
Definition
An encompassing explanation of why the organization exists and where its trying to head.
Term
Mission Statement
Definition
An outline of the fundamental purposes of an organization.
Term
Goals
Definition
The broad, long-term accomplishments an organization wishes to attain.
Term
Objectives
Definition
Specific, short-term statements detailing how to achieve the organizations goals.
Term
SWOT analysis
Definition
A planning tool used to analyze an organizations strenghts, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats.
Term
Strategic Planning
Definition
The process of determining the major goals of the organization and the policies and strategies for obtaining and using resources to achieve those goals.
Term
Tactical Planning
Definition
The process of developing detailed, short-term statements about what it is to be done, who is to do it, and how it is to be done.
Term
Operational Planning
Definition
The process of setting work standards and schedules necesarry to implement the company's tactical objectives.
Term
Contingency planning
Definition
The process of preparing alternative courses of action that may be used if the primary plans dont ahcieve the organizations objectives.
Term
Decision Making
Definition
Choosing among two or more alternatives.
Term
Problem Solving
Definition
The process of solving the everyday problems that occur. __________ is less formal than decision making and usually calls for quicker action.
Term
Brainstorming
Definition
Coming up with as many solutions to a problem as possible in a short period of time with no censoring of ideas.
Term
PMI
Definition
Listing all the pluses for a solution in one column, all the minuses in another, and the implications in a third column.
Term
Organization Chart
Definition
A visual device that shows relationships among people and divides the organizations work; it shows who reports to whom.
Term
Top Management
Definition
Highest level of management, consisting of the president and other key company executives who develop strategic plans.
Term
Middle Management
Definition
The level of management that includes general managers, division managers, and branch and plant managers who are responsible for tactical planning and controlling.
Term
Supervisory Management
Definition
Managers who are directly responsible for supervising workers and evaluating their daily performance.
Term
Technical Skills
Definition
Skills that involve the ability to perform tasks in a specific discipline or department.
Term
Human Relations Skills
Definition
Skills that involve communication and motivation; they enable managers to work through and with people.
Term
Conceptual Skills
Definition
Skills that involve the ability to picture the organization as a whole and the relationship among its various parts.
Term
Staffing
Definition
A management function that includes hiring, motivating, and retaining the best people available to accomplish the company's objectives.
Term
Transparency
Definition
The presentation of a companys facts and figures in a way that is clear and apparant to all stakeholders.
Term
Autocratic Leadership
Definition
Leadership style that involves making managerial decisions without consulting others.
Term
Participative (democratic) Leadership
Definition
Leadership style that consists of managers and employees working together to make decisions.
Term
Free-Rein Leadership
Definition
Leadership style that involves managers setting objectives and employees being relatively free to do whatever it takes to accomplish those objectives.
Term
Enabling
Definition
Giving workers the education and tools they need to make decisions.
Term
Knowledge Management
Definition
Finding the right information, keeping the information in a readily accessible place, and making the information known to everyone in the firm.
Term
External Customers
Definition
Dealers, who buy products to sell to others, and ultimate customers (or end users), who buy products for their own personal use.
Term
Internal Customers
Definition
Individuals and units within the firm that recieve services from other individuals or units.
Term
Intrinsic Reward
Definition
The personal satisfaction you feel when you perform well and complete goals.
Term
Engagement
Definition
Used to describe emloyees level of motivation, passion, and commitment.
Term
Extrinsic Reward
Definition
Something given to you by someone else as recognition for good work;  include pay increases, praise, and promotions.
Term
Scientific Management
Definition
Studying workers to find the most efficient ways of doing things and then teaching people those techniques.
Term
Time-Motion Studies
Definition
Which tasks must be perfomed to complete a job and the time needed to do each task. A study done by Frederick Taylor
Term
Principle of Motion Economy
Definition

A theory developed by Frank and Lillian Gilbreth.

Every job can be broken down into a series of elementary motions.

Term
Hawthorne Effect
Definition
The tendency for people to behave differently when they know they are being studied.
Term
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
Definition
Theory of motivation based on unmet human needs from basic physiological needs to safety, social, and esteem needs to self-actualization needs.
Term
Motivators
Definition
In Herzberg's Theory of "Motivating Factors," job factors that cause employees to be productive and that give them satisfaction.
Term
Hygiene Factors
Definition
In Herzberg's Theory of "Motivating Factors," job factors that can cause dissatisfaction if missing but that do not necessarily motivate employees if increased.
Term
Goal-Setting Theory
Definition
The idea that setting ambitious but attainable goals can motivate workers and improve performance if the goals are accepted, accompanied by feedback, and facilitated by organizational conditions.
Term
Management By Objectives (MBO)
Definition
Managment by evaluation of objectives among top and middle-level managers, supervisors, and employees.
Term
Expectancy Theory
Definition
Victor Vroom's theory that the amount of effort employees exert on a specific task depends on their expectations of the outcome.
Term
Reinforcement Theory
Definition
Theory that positive and negative reinforcers motivate a person to behave a certain way.
Term
Equity Theory
Definition
The idea that employees try to maintain equity between inputs and outputs compared to others in similar positions.
Term
Job Enrichment
Definition
A motivational strategy that emphasizes motivating the worker through the job itself.
Term
Job Enlargement
Definition
A job enrichment strategy that involves combining a series of tasks into one challening and interesting assignment.
Term
Job Rotation
Definition
A job enrichment strategy that involves moving employees from one job to another.
Term
Human Resource Management (HRM)
Definition
The process of determining human resource needs and then recruiting, selecting, developing, motivating, evaluating, compensating, and scheduiling employees to achieve organizational goals.
Term
Affirmative Action
Definition
Employment activites designed to "right past wrongs" by increasing opportunities for minorities and women.
Term
Reverse Discrimination
Definition
Discrimination against members of a domiant or majority group (i.e white males) usually as a result of policies designed to correct discrimination against minority or disadvantaged groups.
Term
Job Analysis
Definition
A study of what employees do who hold various job titles.
Term
Job Description
Definition
A summary of the objectives of a job, the type of work to be done, the responsibilities and duties, the working conditions, and the relationship of the job to other functions.
Term
Job Specifications
Definition
A written summary of the minimum qualifications required of workers to do a particular job.
Term
Recruitment
Definition
The set of activies used to obtain a sufficient number of the right employees at the right time.
Term
Selection
Definition
The process of gathering information and deciding who should be hired, under legal guidelines, to serve the best interests of the individual and organization.
Term
Contingent Workers
Definition
Employees that include part-time workers, temporary workers, seasonal workers, independent contractors, interns, and co-op students.
Term
Training and Development
Definition
All attempts to improve productivity by increasing an employees ability to perform. Training focuses on short-term skills, development on long-term abilities.
Term
Orientation
Definition
The activity that introduces new employees to the organization; to fellow employees; to thier immediate supervisors; and to the policies, practices and objectives of the firm.
Term
On-the-job Training
Definition
Training at the workplace that lets the employee learn by doing or by watching others for a while and then imitating them.
Term
Apprentice Training
Definition
Training programs during which a learner works alongside an experienced employee to master the skills and procedures of a craft.
Term
Off-the-job Training
Definition
Internal or external training programs away from the workplace that develop any of a variety of skills or foster personal development.
Term
Online Training
Definition
Training programs in which employees complete classes via the internet.
Term
Vestibule Training
Definition
Training done in schools where employees are taught on equipment similar to that used on the job.
Term
Job Simulation
Definition
The use of equipment that duplicates job conditions and tasks so trainees can learn skills before attempting them on the job.
Term
Management Development
Definition
The process of training and educating employees to become good managers, and then monitoring the progress of their managerial skills over time.
Term
Networking
Definition
The process of establishing and maintaining contacts with key managers in and outside the organization and using those contacts to weave strong relationships that serve as informal development systems.
Term
Mentor
Definition
An experienced employee who supervises, coaches, and guides lower-level employees by introducing them to the right people and generally being their organizational sponser.
Term
Performance Appraisal
Definition
An evaluation that measures employee performance against esatblished standards in order to make decisions about promotions, compensation, training, or termination.
Term
Fringe Benefits
Definition
Benefits such as sick-leave pay, vacation pay, pension plans, and health plans that represent additional compensation beyond base wages.
Term
Cafeteria-style Fringe Benefits
Definition
Fringe benefits plan that allows employees to choose the benefits they want up to a certain dollar amount.
Term
Flextime Plan
Definition
Work schedule that gives employees some freedom to choose when to work, as long as they work the required number of hours.
Term
Core Time
Definition
In a flextime plan, the period when all employees are expected to be at their job stations.
Term
Compressed Workweek
Definition
Work schedule that allows an employee to work a full number of hours per week but in fewer days.
Term
Job Sharing
Definition
An arrangement whereby two part-time employees share one full-time job.
Term
Data Processing (DP)
Definition
Name for business technology in the 1970's: included technology that supported an existing business and was primarily used to improve the flow of financial information.
Term
Information Systems (IS)
Definition
Technology that helps companies do business; includes such tools as automated teller machines (ATMs) and voice mail
Term
Information technology(IT)
Definition
Technology that helps companies change business by allowing themt o use new methods.
Term
Busniess Intelligence (BI)
Definition
Any of a variety of software applications that analyze an organizations raw data and take out useful insights from it.
Term
Business Process Information
Definition
Includes all transaction data gathered at the point of sale as well as information gained through operations like enterprise resource planning, supply chain management, and customer relationship management systems
Term
Infoglut
Definition
overabundance of data
Term
Intranet
Definition
a companywide network, closed to public access, that uses internet-type technology
Term
Extranet
Definition
A semiprivate network that uses internet technology and allows more than one company to access the same information or allows people on different servers to collaborate.
Term
Virtual Private Network
Definition
A private data network that creates secure connections, or "tunnels", over regular internet lines.
Term
Broadband technology
Definition
Technology that offers users a continuous connection to the internet and allows them to send and recieve mammoth files that include voice, video, and data much faster than ever before.
Term
Internet2
Definition
The private internet system that links government supercomputer centers and a select group of universities; it runs more than 22,000 times faster than todays public infrastructure and supports heavy-duty applications.
Term
Web 2.0
Definition
The set of tools that allow people to build social and business connections, share information, and collaborate on projects online (including blogs, wikis, social networking sites and other online communities and virtual worlds)
Term
network computing systems (or client/server computing)
Definition
Computer systems that allow personal computers (clients) to obtain needed information from huge databases in a central computer (the server)
Term
Virutalization
Definition
A process that allows networked computers to run multiple operating systems and programs through one central computer at the same time.
Term
Cloud Computing
Definition
A form of virtualization in which a companys data and applications are stored at offsite data centers that are accessed over the internet (the cloud)
Term
Shareware
Definition
Software that is copyrighted but distributed to potential customers free of charge.
Term
Public Domain Software (or freeware)
Definition
Software that is free for the taking.
Term
Virus
Definition
A piece of programming code inserted into other programming to cause some unexpected and, for the victim, usually undesirable event.
Term
Cookies
Definition
Pieces of information, such as registration data or user preferences, sent by a Web site over the Internet to a Web browser that the browser software is expected to save and send back to the server whenever the user returns to that website.
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