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1. A comprehensive set of political, economic, social religious beliefs.
2. the study of ideology means understanding opinions, values, cultural beliefs that dominate a society and differentiate it from other societies.
3. a set of beliefs that justify certain interests, and reflects and rationalizes particular political, economic, religious, and social interests (ex. slavery in the US, execution of children for stealing bread) |
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| Ideologies Emphasizing Primarily Class Struggle |
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| Anarchism, Socialism, Marxism, Communism (all varieties) |
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Ideologies Emphasizing Primarily the Collective Socialism
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| Socialism, Marxism (Leninism, Stalinism, Maoism, Neo-Marxism, etc.), Religious Socialism (Christian Socialism), Democratic Socialism (secular) |
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| -theory of how the world works, change world based on this theory. -study of assumptions/theories. -study of history: people explaining world around them, use as a guide for future. |
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| 1. religion as "opium of the masses". 2. educated in England, influenced by Hegel. 3. developed into liberal views. 4. editor for the newspaper. 5. involved in revolutionary projects against russians. 6. 1843- Paris. study & work, subject of scientific socialism/socialist thinking. not interested in utopia. wanted something real, likely to happen. 7. wrote "the communist manifesto" 1848 with Friedrich Engels. 8. married Jenny von Westphalen. |
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| 1. british political economy & economic system. 2. french socialism & utopian thinking. 3. german philosophy, esp. Hegel. |
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| Karl Marx View on the Stages of History |
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| 1. Primitive (no classes). 2. Communism (no classes). 3. Slavery (slave owners v. slaves) 4. feudalism (landowners v. serfs). 5. capitalism (bougeoisie v. proletariats). 6. socialism (state managers v. workers). 7. Communism (no classes) |
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| -only true autocracy left in Europe, no type of representative political intitutions. Nicholas II became Tsar in 1884, believed he was the absolute ruler anointed by God. Revolution broke out in 1905. |
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| 1. committed to socialism. moved to london in 1902, wrote "what is to be done?" 2. key role of the Party in the revolution - "dictatorship of the proletariat". 3. failure of the provisional gov't helped lenin. 4. workers refusing to work, soldiers refusing to fight. 5. very charismatic, understood revolutions, how to lead groups. 6. peasants were expropriating the land outright. 7. Lenin steps in and fills the power vacuum. 8. when armed services no longer support leader, necessary for revolution. |
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Bolsheviks during Russian Revolution
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| 1. Bolsheviks grow in numbers. 2. slogans, mantras- "workers of the world unite", "all power to the soviets", "bread, peace, freedom", mass meetings, gained followers. |
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| Why Capitalism Would Fail |
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| 1. proletariat saw how marxist revolutionaries granted rights to workers. 2. in 19th century (US & Europe), different from 20th century (regulation of the workplace, unionization. ) |
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| Fled Fascism, then Communism, focused on the problems of facism |
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| A form of violent riot, a mob attack directed against a particular group, whether ethnic, religious, or other, and characterized by killings and destruction of their homes and properties, businesses, and religious centers. |
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Night of Broken Glass
was a pogrom or series of attacks against Jews throughoutNazi Germany and parts of Austria |
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Was an elite cultural movement of intellectuals in 18th century Europe that sought to mobilize the power of reason in order to reform society and advance knowledge. It promoted intellectual interchange and opposed intolerance and abuses in Church and state. |
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| Several different meanings, such as folk (simple people),people in the ethnic sense, and nation. |
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| Combining interest in folklore,ecology, occultism and romanticism with ethnic nationalism, their ideologies were a strong influence on the Nazi party, which itself was inspired by Adolf Hitler's membership of theDeutsche Arbeiterpartei (German Workers' Party), even though Hitler in Mein Kampf himself denounced usage of the word völkisch as he considered it too vague as to carry any recognizable meaning due to former over-use. |
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| National Socialism is better traslated as "racial populism" |
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| tactics to infuse culture into to the "masses" to moblilize them, as a mass, against their racial and cultural enemy |
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known for:
The nationalization of the masses
"poplular sovereignty"
monumentalism |
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class struggle
slavery vs. liberty in French and haitian Revolution
bourgeois revolution |
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feudalism/religion
capitalism/liberalism
communism/socialism |
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| Body of labor is owned (slavery) or frozen in closed guilds |
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| value of labor is stolen through private property laws and wage labor competition |
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| workers rule themselves democratically and recuperate the full value of labor |
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| Is derived from the teachings of the Chinese political leader Mao Zedong (1893–1976). Developed during the 1950s and 1960s, it was widely applied as the political and military guiding ideology of theCommunist Party of China (CPC) |
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| farmer, librarian, revolutionary |
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| Protracted "peoples' war" which relied on peasants with the aim to capture the cities |
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Involves the rural masses in each stage to be implemented by the masses.
True collectivist behavior |
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| The belief in the importance of liberty and equal rights |
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| names associated with liberalism |
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| socrates, erasmus, descartes, hobbes, kant, montesquieu |
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| Mixed constitutionalism/division of powers |
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| The emphasis on procedure and political rights rathn than substantive rights and substantive participation |
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| Those rights that permit or oblige inaction. example: freedom of speech |
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| permit or oblige action. example: police protection |
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| people collectively make decisions for themselves |
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| 1955 Bandung Conference, a conference of Asian and African states hosted by Indonesian president Sukarno, who gave a significant contribution to promote this movement. The attending nations declared their desire not to become involved in the Cold War and adopted a "declaration on promotion of world peace and cooperation", |
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| The Darker Nations - the Third world was not a place, it was a project |
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| Third Worldism's "built-in flaw" |
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In the Cold War, Both sides ignore of exploit Third Worldsim
True or False |
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| 1948, Eleanor Roosevelt was in attendance |
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| Belgian Congo was the "private company" of who? |
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| 1957 People's Solidarity Conference was held where? |
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| Who rejected Marx's "stages of history" for a geo spatial model and set of circuits of capitalist power relations |
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| s a body of social science theories predicated on the notion that resources flow from a "periphery" of poor and underdeveloped states to a "core" of wealthy states, enriching the latter at the expense of the former. It is a central contention of dependency theory that poor states are impoverished and rich ones enriched by the way poor states are integrated into the "world system." |
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| Dependenista Theory adds what to dependency theory |
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| The use of poorer nations as dumping grounds |
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| Independen post colonial state is a ruse, it's sovereignty is haunted by former colonial powers who control fundamental policy from mainly economic means |
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| Dependency Theory is against what other theory? |
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| Why is Dependency Theory is against what modernization theory? |
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| it's focus is on the nation-state as the only unit of analysis, there is only one single path of evolutionary development for all countries and it's disregard of transnational structures. |
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| a social system that has boundaries, structures, member groups, rules of legitimation and coherence. |
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| The focus of the world systems model is: |
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| it's focus on the semi-perifphery and its constant crisis and international tensions |
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| Franz Fanon wrote " Concerning Violence" which states what? |
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| Decolonization is always a violent phenomenon. |
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| is the ideology that all human ethnic groups belong to a single community based on a shared morality. It may include some sort of world government. |
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| is the belief in the importance of liberty and equal rights. Liberals espouse a wide array of views depending on their understanding of these principles, but generally, liberals support ideas such as constitutionalism, liberal democracy, free and fair elections, human rights, capitalism, and freedom of religion |
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| when small groups within a larger society maintain their unique cultural identities, also multicultural, with the acknowledgement of a diversity of political systems. |
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| result from the combination of peoples origins with the identities they acquire in their host countries. According to transnationalists, this combination leads more to the development of “double identities” than to the emergence of conflicting identities. |
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| is the practice of being exclusive; mentality characterized by the disregard for opinions and ideas other than one's own, or the practice of organizing entities into groups by excluding those entities which possess certain traits that are not desirable. |
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| Universal Races Congress Paradox |
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| claims to universalism are always rooted in particular time and space |
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| is a body of ideas and principles that describes the inspiration, vision and the life work of Gandhi. It is particularly associated with his contributions to the idea and practice of nonviolent resistance, sometimes also called civil resistance or civil disobedience. |
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| an enlightenment being, Gandhi has been called this |
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| The pivotal and defining element of Ganhism is satya, which means: |
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