Term
Muscarinic activation
What happens to the eye? |
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Definition
-Sphincter muscle
-Smooth muscle contraction
-Pupil constriction/Miosis |
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Term
| Sympathetic activation effect on eye? |
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Definition
-Radial muscle contraction (A1)
- Pupil dilation / Mydriasis |
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Term
| What groups of drugs are used in Refraction error testing |
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Definition
Muscarinic ANTAGONISTS - Pupil dilation/ mydriasis
Adrenergic AGONISTS - pupil dilation/ mydriasis |
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Term
B agonist effect on AQH
B blocker effect on AQH |
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Definition
B- agonist - increase secreations of AQH
B- antagonist - decrease the secretions of AQH |
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Term
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Definition
increased IOP:
1. Due to increased production of AQH
2. Due to decreased drainage of AQH |
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Term
| What are the drugs involved in reduced production of AQH? |
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Definition
Dorzolamide & Acetazolamide,
Timolol, Betoxolol & Apraclonidine |
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Term
| What drugs facilitate the drainage of AQH |
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Definition
Pilocarpine,
Carbachol,
Ecothiopate,
Mannitol
Latanoprost |
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Term
What receptors are present on the ciliary body that produce AQH?
Thus what drugs are useful in the management of glaucoma? |
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Definition
B receptors are responsible for AQH secretion
- B blockers:
Timolol topical eye drops - Non-selective β blockade
–Betaxolol eye drops - Selective β1 blockade
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Term
| What drugs (apart from B blockers) reduce the synthesis of AQH & How? |
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Definition
Acetazolamide - Oral
Drozolamide - Topical
Reduce the synthesis of AQH by blocking Carbonic anhydrase |
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Term
| What drugs are used to increase the outflow of AQH? |
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Definition
1. Topical: Pilocarpine, ecothiopate and physostigmine - These drugs causes Ciliary muscle contraction which increases the Irido-corneal angle and open the trabecular meshwork. This results in increased drainage of aqueous humor.
2.Prostaglandins: Latanoprost - increase the outflow through uveoscleral meshwork
3.Mannitol - reduces IOP by reducing vitreous volume
4.α2 receptor agonist apraclonidine 1%, topical drops
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Term
| What are the two important drugs that induce the sudden closure of the irido-corneal angle |
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Definition
1.Mydriatics : Anti-cholinergic drugs
2.Antidepressants : SSRI drugs
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