Term
| How is glaucoma clinically defined? |
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Definition
| optic neuropathy that causes a characteristic change in the optic nerve head cup and rim with associated visual field abnormalities |
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Term
| How many people worldwide suffer from glaucoma? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the composition of aqueous humor? |
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Definition
| high in ascorbate, low in protein |
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Term
| What is the turnover rate of aqueous humor? |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the pathway of uveo-scleral outflow. |
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Definition
| Flow through root of iris, beneath the ciliary body, and through scleral channels to the episcleral veins |
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Term
| What's Goldman's equation of IOP? |
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Definition
| P = F (inflow)/ C (outflow) + evp (episcleral venous pressure) |
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Term
| How does the thickness of the cornea relate to the risk of damage? |
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Definition
| The thinner the cornea, the greater the risk of damage from glaucoma |
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Term
| How do muscarine alkaloids and prostaglandin analogs treat open angle glaucoma? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the key side effects of prostaglanding analogs? |
|
Definition
| skin pigmentation, lash growth, and change in iris pigment |
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|
Term
| What are the two main side effects of alpha 2 agonists? |
|
Definition
| insomnia and dry eye (contra-indicated in infants) |
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Term
| What are the three main risk factors for closed angle glaucoma? |
|
Definition
| hyperopia (far-sightedness), advancing cataract, and being Asian or Native American |
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Term
| Are scleritis and iritis non-threatening or vision-threatening? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Halo vision is likely due to which possible causes? |
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Definition
| corneal edema due acute glaucoma or contact lens overwear |
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Term
| What is the recommended treatment for a hordeolum/chalazion? |
|
Definition
| warm compresses several times a day |
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Term
| What are the potential consequences for preseptal/periorbital cellulitis? |
|
Definition
| no systemic illness association, no double vision or painful eye movements, and no pupil abnormality |
|
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Term
| What is orbital cellulitis commonly associated with? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What effect does orbital cellulitis have on the motility of the eye? |
|
Definition
| impaired, painful with or without proptosis |
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Term
| What is congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction commonly due to? |
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Definition
| stricture of valve in the nasolacrimal duct under the inferior turbinate of the nose |
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Term
| Stringy, white or yellow mucus discharge in conjunctivitis indicates what etiology? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| In viral conjunctivitis, what other sign is usually present? |
|
Definition
| preauricular lymphadenopathy |
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|
Term
| What is the recommended treatment for gram (+) bacterial conjunctivitis? gram (-) ? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What was the old treatment for chlamydia conjunctivitis, and what is recommended now? |
|
Definition
| silver nitrate/ erythromycin |
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Term
| What three major eye issues should be dealt with immediately? |
|
Definition
| hyphema, iritis, and glaucoma |
|
|
Term
| What are some of the key signs for some with acute closed-angle glaucoma? |
|
Definition
| eyes fixed mid-sized and dilated, hazy or steamy cornea, halo vision eye pain, and nausea/vomiting |
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Term
| What is the recommended treatment for a chemical injury to the eye? |
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Definition
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