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Glaciers
Glacial properties
36
Geography
Undergraduate 2
04/03/2010

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Term
Glacier
Definition
Large natural accumulation of land ice that flows either down-slope or outward from its center of accumulation
Term
Zone of Accumulation
Definition
Area where annual snowfall exceeds melting
Term
Zone of Ablation
Definition
Area where annual melting exceeds snowfall
Term
Ice Age / Pleistocene Epoch
Definition
From 10,000 years ago to 1.8 million years ago; several expansions and retreats of glacier worldwide. Glaciers reached as far as the Ohio River
Term
Isostatic Rebound
Definition
Rebound of land surface as & after glaciers melt away
Term
Cirques
Definition
Broad amphitheaters hollowed out at head of glacial valleys
Term
Horns
Definition
3 or 4 sided pyramid shaped peaks resulting from glacial erosion on all sides
Term
Aretes
Definition
Oft-jagged ridge between adjacent glacial valley/troughs
Term
Cols
Definition
Low passes, or saddles, on the watershed between drainage systems
Term
Glacial Trough/U-Shaped Valley
Definition
Valleys reshaped by glacial erosion
Term
Hanging Valleys
Definition
Tributary glacial troughs whose floors are considerably higher than the floors of the troughs that they join
Term
Tarns
Definition
Small mountain lakes that occupy the basins of cirgues
Term
Patternoster Lakes
Definition
A chain of lakes linked by a stream in a formerly glaciated valley
Term
Lateral Moraine
Definition
Ridge of unsorted debris piling up along sides of an alpine glacier
Term
Medial Moraine
Definition
Band of debris down the middle of a glacier resulting from two valley glaciers intersecting
Term
End/Terminal Moraine
Definition
Piles of unsorted material deposited at the end of a glacier
Term
Glacial Striations
Definition
Scratches in bedrock caused by dragging of stones in base of glaciers
Term
Glacial Grooves
Definition
Grooves carried by debris in glaciers
Term
Deepened Valleys
Definition
Glaciers erode most where they are thickest; thus preexisting valleys are especially deepened
Term
Drift
Definition
General term for all glacial deposits
Term
Till
Definition
Unsorted material deposited directly from melting glaciers
Term
Glaciofluvial
Definition
Deposited by glacial melt water streams; usually sorted sands and gravels
Term
Glaciolacustrine
Definition
Deposited in glacial lakes; usually sorted silt & clay, sometimes fine beach sands
Term
Glacioeolian
Definition
Sorted loess or sand dune deposits
Term
Glacial Erratics
Definition
Boulders deposited by glaciers, often having been carried far from their source
Term
Recessional Moraine
Definition
Ridges left at temporary glacial stands as part of an overall glacial retreat
Term
Ground Moraine
Definition
Relatively thin sheet of mainly till left by a rapidly retreating glacier
Term
Outwash Plain
Definition
Sands and gravels deposited by glacial melt water, usually over a large area
Term
Eskers
Definition
Ridges of sand & gravel deposited by glacial melt water in sub glacial tunnels; usually appear as winding ridges in the landscape
Term
Drumlins
Definition
Elongated hills resulting from smearing of end moraines by glacial advance
Term
Kettles
Definition
Surface pits left by buried ice blocks melting away; may be large of small; may contain lakes
Term
Kettle Lake
Definition
Lake in a kettle
Term
Kames
Definition
Deposit on a glacial surface that is lowered to the ground by glacial melting beneath it; usually appears as a small hill in a landscape
Term
Proglacial Lakes
Definition
Lakes usually formed along the margins of glaciers, but drained away as the glaciers themselves melted
Term
Pluvial Lake
Definition
A lake that experiences significant increase in depth and extent as a result of increased precipitation and reduced evaporation
Term
Beach Ridges
Definition
A ribbon of fine to very fine sand deposited along the margins of former lakes that remain in today's landscape as a ridge of low relief
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