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Definition
| An earthquake that occurs after the main earthquake |
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| An impermeable rock that does not transmit water. |
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Definition
| A body of porous and permeable rock capabe of storing and yielding significant amounts of water. |
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| Large, synclinal, confined acquifers that are under pressure so that water flows up through wells without pumps. |
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Definition
| A thin hole drilled down into an aquifer. |
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Definition
| A large (1-20km) circular volcanic depression caused by a violent eruption followed by collapse of the top of the volcanic cone. |
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Definition
| Occurs around a water well, where there is a lowering of the water table as the rate of extraction is greater than the rate of replacement. |
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Definition
| Impermeable barrier constructure beneath a dam to prevent leakage. |
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Definition
| A structure that holds back water. |
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Definition
| A measure of the surface damage of an earthquake |
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Definition
| Term to describe a fluid, non-explosive, basalt lava. |
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Definition
| Where magma reaches the surface along long, linear cracks or fissures. |
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Definition
| A metal cage holding rocks that can form a supporting wall to avoid landslides falling too far or onto a vunerable area such as a road. |
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Definition
| Hot springs from which a column of hot water and steam is explosively discharged at intervals. |
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Definition
| Water retained in the pore spaces or rocks below the water table. |
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Definition
| Drilling holes into the rock around a dam or reservoir to prevent leaking by filling pore spaces. |
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Definition
| Wooden or concrete projections along a coastline that reduce sediment by longshore drift. |
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Definition
| Mudflows of wet ash and volcanic debris that can flow rapidly down a mountainside. |
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Definition
| waste disposal where rubbish is buried in holes in the ground. |
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Definition
| Rapid down slope movement of blocks of rock along a slip plane. |
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Definition
| The fluid generate by water dissolving soluble chemicals from landfill waste. |
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Definition
| The process by which saturated, unconsolidated sediments are transformed into a substance that acts like a liquid, usually due to shaking during an earthquake |
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Definition
| A process that moves sediment along the coast. Waves breaking at an angle move sediment up the beach which then rolls straight back down due to gravity. |
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Term
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Definition
| Any movement of soil or rock down slope due to gravity. |
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Definition
| Measures the intensity of an earthquake and is based on the effects felt in the area. |
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Definition
| Measure of the amount of strain energy released by an earthquake |
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Definition
| Extremely explosive erpution with viscuous gas-filled andesitic and rhyolitic lava and tremendous volumes of pyroclastic material blasted out. |
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Term
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Definition
| A hot mixture of pyroclastic material and gas. |
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Definition
| The area of an aquifer open to the atmosphere, allowing replenishment of water. |
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Definition
| A body of water behind a dam well. |
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Definition
| Measure the magnitude of an earthquake by recording the amplitude of the earthquake waves. |
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Definition
| Large blocks of hard rock such as granite are pilled up along a coastline to absorb wave energy. |
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Term
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Definition
| By examining the historical record of fault movement, and the time between earthquakes, you can decide if the fault has been quiet for too long, i.e. there has been a gap. This means that the fault is locked and stress can build up, ready for a higher magnitude event later. |
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Term
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Definition
| Study of Earthquake waves. |
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Definition
| The paper or electronic record made by the seismometer |
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Definition
| A device which receives seismic virbations and converts them into a signal twhich can be transmitted and recorded. |
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Definition
| Gentle clopes of less than 10° and a roughly circular shape around a central vent. |
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Definition
| Spray-on concrete used to increase strenght and reduce permeability on steep slopes prone to slips. |
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Definition
| A line of weakness along which a slope can fail, often lubricated by water. |
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Definition
| A rotational downwards and outwards movement of incompetent rock and material. |
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Definition
| Occurs where the water table intersects the land surface and ground water flows out onto the surface. |
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Definition
| A conical volcano comprising layers of lava, ash, and pumice. Commonly erupts intermediate or silicic lavas, and can be very explosive. |
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Term
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Definition
| Force per unit area acting on or within a body |
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Term
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Definition
| Change in shape of a body in response to stress |
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Definition
| More explosive and less fluid basalt and andesite eruptions, producing regular gas and pyroclastic material |
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Term
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Definition
| A series of water waves caused by the displacement of a large volume of a body of water caused by an earthquake or volcano. |
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