Term
| Esophagitis- MC cause is _A_ with the big three being _B_ (3). Sx are _C_phagia (2) and _D_. Dx is _E_. |
|
Definition
A. infectious
B. CMV, candida, Herpetic
C. odynophagia, dysphagia
D. CP
E. endoscopy with bx |
|
|
Term
| Candidal esphagitis shows diffuse _A_. Consider especially of _B_ is present. Tx is _C_. |
|
Definition
A. linear plaques
B. oral thrush
C. fluconazole/ketoconazole |
|
|
Term
CMV esopahgitis shows _A_ and treated with _B_.
Herpetic shows _C_ and is treated with _D_ only if _E_. |
|
Definition
A. large superficial lesions
B. ganciclovir
C. small and deep ulcers
D. acyclovir
E. if immunosup |
|
|
Term
| Pill induced esophagitis is seen in _A_ patients- caused by _B_(3) drugs due to prolonged _C_ and causes sx of severe _D_. |
|
Definition
A. bed-bound
B. NSAIDs, doxy/tetra-cycline, bisphosphonates
C. mucosal contact
D. retrosternal CP |
|
|
Term
| Esophageal stenosis is dysphagia for _A_. slow progression signifies _B_(2) while rapid progression suggests _C_. |
|
Definition
A. solid foods
B. benign (rings, webs)
C. malignancy |
|
|
Term
| Achalasia shows _A_ peristalsis and _B_ LES tone. Sx are _C_ dysphagia and _D_ pain. Dx test is a _E_ that has a _F_ appearance |
|
Definition
A. decreased peristalsis
B. ^ LES tone
C. solids and liquid dysphagia
D. CP
E. Barium swallow
F. bird's beak |
|
|
Term
Esophageal motility disorders first dx test is _A_. can be followed by _B_(2) tests.
Tx for benign is _C_. Medical treatment for achalasia, zenkers and stenosis are _D_(3) and _E_ if the case is severe. |
|
Definition
A. barium swallow
B. esophagoscopy, esophageal manometry
C. dilatation
D. CCBs (nifedipine), nitrates or botulinum (in cases that have no possibility for surgery)
E. surgery |
|
|
Term
| Mallory-Weiss tear is a _A_ tear MC at the _B_. often caused by _C_. MC in patients with _D_ and is _E_ common in children. |
|
Definition
A. linear mucosal
B. GEJ
C. vomiting
D. hiatal hernias
E. less common |
|
|
Term
Mallory-weiss tear Definitive dx with _A_
most cases are _B_ but _C_ injection or _D_ may be required for tx |
|
Definition
A. upper endoscopy
B. self-limiting
C. endoscopic epinephrine
D. thermal coagulation |
|
|
Term
| MC risk factor for esophageal varices is _A_ and occur MC at the _B_ end. Pt populations with _C_ (2) are at highest risk. Tx drug is _D_. Pt may require _E_ support. Mortality rate is _F_. |
|
Definition
A. portal hypertension
B. distal end
C. cirrhosis and chronic EtOH
D. Octreotide (vasoconstricts)
E. hemodynamic support (large bore IVs, vasopressors)
F. high (50% in 6 weeks) |
|
|
Term
| MC type esophageal cancer is _A_ and tends to occur in the _B_ area. _C_ cancer is related to Barretts and occurs MC in the _D_ area. Biggest RFs are _E_ (2) |
|
Definition
A. Squamous cell
B. proximal 2/3rd
C. adenocarcinoma
D. distal 1/3rd
E. progressive sold food dysphagia |
|
|
Term
RFs of GERD
Medications _A_ (4)
2 disorders _B_
- Pts with GERD should undergo endoscopy in these 4 conditions |
|
Definition
A. BBs, CCBs, nitrates, anticholinergics
B. scleroderma and hiatal hernia
- New onset after 45 yoa, frequent/recurrent sx, refractorry, red flag sx (anemia, dysphagia, recurrent vomiting) |
|
|
Term
Erosive/hemorrhagic gastritis caused by _A_ (3)
Tx is decrease _B_, _C_ for alcoholism, _D_ for portal HTN |
|
Definition
A. NSAIDs, EtOH, portal HTN
B. NSAIDs
C. H2 blocker
D. propranolol |
|
|
Term
| Infectious gastritis causes are _A_ (4). |
|
Definition
| A. bacterial, CMV, candida, pernicious anemia |
|
|
Term
| PUD 40% is caused by _A_. MC cause of _B_. MC location is _C_. Two main causes are _D_ (2). Prophylaxis is _E_ |
|
Definition
A. UGI bleeding
B. non-hemorrhagic GI bleeds
C. Duodenal
D. NSAIDs and H Pylori
E. PPI (or mistoprostol) |
|
|
Term
H Pylori tx is _A_ (3)
Produces _B_ and is associated with _C_ of the stomach |
|
Definition
A. PPI, amoxicillin, clarithromycin
B. urease
C. adenocarcinoma of the stomach |
|
|
Term
Pyloric Stenosis is related to what ABX? _A_
Barium swallow shows a _B_ and delayed _C_. |
|
Definition
A. macrolides!!
B. string sign (severe narrowing)
C. emptying |
|
|
Term
Zollinger Ellison Syndrome is a _A_ secreting tumor. Most are found in the _B_ and 1/3rd are assocaited with _C_. _D_ are malignant.
Sx are often indistinguishable from _E_.
Dx is with _F_. |
|
Definition
A. gastrin
B. duodenum
C. MEN1
D. 60%
E. PUD
F. fasting gastrin and secretin test |
|
|
Term
| Gastric adenocarcinoma RFs are _A_, _B_ bacteria, _C_ foods, _D_ deficiency. Signs of metastatic spread are _E_ (2) |
|
Definition
A. tobacco
B. h pylori
C. smoked
D. Vitamin C
E. virchows nodule (left clavicle), Sr mary joseph nodule (umbilical) |
|
|
Term
| Gastric adenocarcinoma- MC lab finding is _A_ and will have a (+) _B_. Tx is _C_. prognosis with _D_ is good. Worst prognosis if _E_ spread |
|
Definition
A. iron def anemia
B. (+) CEA
C. resection
D. early detection
E. Lymph node |
|
|
Term
Cholelithiasis- RFs are rapid _A_, Hep _B_ and _C_ disease.
Medical tx is _D_ (3)
Ultimate tx is _E_. |
|
Definition
A. rapid wt loss
B. HCV
C. chron's
D. IVF, analgesia, antiemetics
E. lap chole |
|
|
Term
| Cholecystitis pain can radiate to _A_. _B_ is present (not in lithiasis). Gold standard dx is _C_. _D_ tests can confirm. Pt should be given IV _E_ (2) |
|
Definition
A. shoulder
B. Fever
C. RUQ ultrasound
D. HIDA, ERCP
E. IV fluoro or ampicillin or gent |
|
|
Term
Cholangitis is a combination of _A_ obstruction and _B_ infection.
MC MOs are _C_ (3). MC cause is _D_.
Charcot's triad/Reynolds pentad |
|
Definition
A. CBD
B. ascending
C. E. Coli, Entero, klebsiella
D. choledocolithiasis
- Charcot: fever, jaundice, RUQ
- Reynolds: fever, jaundice, RUQ, hypotension, AMS |
|
|
Term
Cholangitis initial test is _A_. Labs will show _B_ with a _C_.
Initial tx is _D_ (3)
_E_ is performed wihen acute syndrome has resolved. |
|
Definition
A. RUQ U/S
B. leukocytosis
C. left shift
D. IVF, electrolytes, ABX (fluoro, amp) |
|
|
Term
Primary sclerosing cholangitis is chronic thickening of _A_. 80% are associated with _B_.
Strong association with _C_ cancer. Main sx are _D_ (2), Tx is _E_ and management of _F_. |
|
Definition
A. bile duct walls
B. IBD
C. cholangiocarcinoma
D. jaundice and pruritis
E. Ursodiol
F. stricture |
|
|
Term
Chronic hepatitis can be related to auto-immune disorders _A_ (2).
Sx are _B_ urine, _C_glycemia, _D_opathy |
|
Definition
A. wilsons and a1-antitrypsin
B. tea-colored
C. hypoglycemia
D. encephalopathy |
|
|
Term
Hepatitis. HCV is the MC _A_ infection and is an _B_ virus.
It is the leading cause of _C_. DX is _D_ test. |
|
Definition
A. MC blood borne infection
B. RNA
C. chronic liver failure
D. HCV RNAPCR test |
|
|
Term
Hepatitis Dx is elevated _A_ labs. Alcoholic liver disease labs are _B_ ratio of >2. HBV liver bx shows _C_.
HDV is only present with _D_. |
|
Definition
A. AST and ALT
B. AST/ALT
C. hepatocellular necrosis
D. HBV |
|
|
Term
Cirrhosis is irreversible _A_ and nodular _B_ throughout liver. MC cause is _C_.
Pts are at risk for _D_. Eyes will show _E_. Dx done with _F_ (2) |
|
Definition
A. fibrosis
B. Degeneration
C. EtOH abuse
D. hepatocellular carcinoma
E. Kayser-Fleisher rings
F. CT/MRI or Biopsy |
|
|
Term
Primary billiary cirrhosis is _A_ destruction of bile ducts Dx requires 3 results _B_ (3)
Tx is _C_ |
|
Definition
A. T cell mediated
B. 1)+ AMA
2) ^LFTs (especially alk phos)
3) Asym destruction of bile ducts
C. ursodiol |
|
|
Term
Liver neoplasms
- common site for mets from _A_ (2)
- Malignant cancer is _B_.
Dx is (+) _C_ and imaging. Tx is resection if cancer is _D_. |
|
Definition
A. lung and breast
B. primary heaptocellular carcinoma
C. (+) a- fetoprotein
D. confined to one lobe |
|
|
Term
Celiac disease-
Foods not eaten by celiac patients _A_
Dx findings are _B_ and _C_.
It is associated with rash called _D_. |
|
Definition
A. WORM B (wheat, oat, rye, malt, barley)
B. IgA anti-endomysial aBs
C. anti-transglutaminase aBs
D. dermatitis herpetiformis |
|
|
Term
IBD is MC in _A_ races with _B_ distribution. Possible skin findings are _C_ (2). Can also present with _D_(2)-itis.
Definitive dx is _E_. |
|
Definition
A. white
B. bimodal
C. pyoderma gangrenosum, erythema nodosum
D. arthritis, uveitis
E. direct visualization |
|
|
Term
Ulcerative Colitis
Involves _A_ layer only. Sx are _B_ diarrhea. Colonoscopy will show _C_ (2).
Medical tx is _D_
Complications of _E_(2) are more likely in this type of IBD |
|
Definition
A. mucosa
B. bloody diarrhea
C. pseudopolyps, crypts
D. Sulfasalazine
E. Toxic megacolon, malignancy |
|
|
Term
| Chron's Disease is _A_ severe than UC. presents with _B_ lesions, MC location is _C_. Pts present with _D_ loss, _E_, and _F_ loops |
|
Definition
A. more severe
B. skip
C. terminal ileum, R colon
D. wt loss
E. fever
F. bowel loops |
|
|
Term
Chrons disease colonoscopy shows _A_ and _B_ mucosa. Tx is _C_ for maintenance.
Acute tx is _D_(2).
MC complications are _E_ (2) |
|
Definition
A. cobblestoning
B. froable mucosa
C. mesalamine
D. falgyl/cipro + prednisone
E. fistulas and abscesses |
|
|
Term
Intussusception is _A_ of the proximal bowel into the distal. If present in adult it is always _B_.
Sx are _C_ mass, _D_ stools.
Dx and tx is _E_. |
|
Definition
A. invagination
B. neoplasia
C. sausage like mass
D. currant jelly stools
E. barium/air enema |
|
|
Term
mesenteric ischemia- in chronic the blood supply is _A_. Acute is caused by _B_ (2).
RFs are _C_ (4). MC occurs in the _D_ intestine |
|
Definition
A. present but insufficient
B. Arterial or venous emboli/thrombus
C. ^cholesterol, clotting abnormality, bowel obstruction, cocaine use
D. small intestine |
|
|
Term
| Acute mesenteric ischemia presents with sudden onset _A_ that is _B_ to findings, involuntary _C_ and _D_ positive stool |
|
Definition
A. ab pain
B. OOP
C. guarding
D. heme + stools |
|
|
Term
| Chronic mesentericischemia presents with abdominal _A_ usually after _B_. It is relieved by _C_(2) |
|
Definition
A. angina
B. 10-30 min after eating
C. squatting or lying down |
|
|
Term
| Mesenteric ischemia best test to evaluate ischemia is _A_. Also good to do a _B_. Tx is _C_ and hydration. Some can resolve spontaneously with _D_. |
|
Definition
A. colonoscopy
B. CT with oral AND IV contrast
C. surgical revascularization
D. abx
--acute mesenteric ischemia has high mortality rate |
|
|
Term
| Lactose intolerance dx is with _A_ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Bowel obstructions
MC cause of large bowel is _A_. Sx are _B_ bowel sounds. Can lead to _C_.
Dx is _D_ showing _E_. |
|
Definition
A. neoplasms (also fecal impaction)
B. high pitched to no bowel sounds
C. shock
D. upright xrays
E. air-fluid levels |
|
|
Term
Volvulus
MC location is _A_. Dx is a _B_. Tx is endoscopic _C_ but the gold standard is _D_ |
|
Definition
A. sigmoid
B. plain films
C. decompression
D. R colectomy |
|
|
Term
Toxic megacolon
functional congenital type is _A_ caused by _B_.
MC cause is _C_ (second is _D_)
Hallmark sign is dilation of _E_ with toxicity |
|
Definition
A. hirschprungs
B. aganglionosis
C. IBD (UC)
D. C diff
E. >6 cm |
|
|
Term
Dx of toxic megacolon is 3+ (fever >_A_, HR>_B_, _C_cytosis or anemia)
1+ of 4 _D_(4) |
|
Definition
A. 101.5
B. 120
C. leukocytosis
D. lyte abnormalities, dehydration, AMS, hypotension |
|
|
Term
colorectal cancer
sx often appear _A_ and are _B_ pain, change in _C_, intestinal _D_.
Tumor marker is _E_. Px is good unless it has metastasized |
|
Definition
A. late in disease
B. abdominal
C. bowel habits
D. obstruction
E. CEA |
|
|
Term
Anal fissures causes of non-midline are _A_ (5).
Tx is WASH _B_ |
|
Definition
A. TB, syphilis, CMV, HIV, trauma
B. water (sitzbath), analgesics, stool softeners, high fiber |
|
|
Term
Hemorroids- _A_ are painful
surgery is reserved for _B_. |
|
Definition
A. external
B. thrombosed
- ligation or hemorrhoidectomy |
|
|
Term
Hernias
incisional hernias are MC with _A_ incisions
>90% of _B_ patients have hiatal hernia (dx for this is _C_)
MC hernia is _D_. |
|
Definition
A. vertical
B. barretts
C. barium UGI
D. indirect inguinal |
|
|
Term
Indirect inguinal goes through _A_ and may go down to _B_.
Direct inguinal goes through _C_ at the _D_. |
|
Definition
A. internal inguinal ring
B. scrotum
C. external inguinal ring
D. hesselbach's triangle |
|
|
Term
-secretory diarrheais caused by 3 different situations
- inflammatory diarrhea is _A_ diarrhea along with _B_ and present with _C_ in stool |
|
Definition
Secretory: large volume w/o inflam
- pancreatic insufficiency. ingestion of toxins, laxative use
A. bloody
B. fever
C. WBCs |
|
|
Term
| MC bacterial causes of gastroenteritis are _A_ (3) |
|
Definition
| A. salmonella, shigella, e coli |
|
|
Term
Salmonella are gram _A_. Causes are _B_ foods, _B_ pets.
Tx is _C_ with hydration |
|
Definition
A. G- rods
B. raw foods (eggs/poultry/meat)
C. reptile
D. cipro |
|
|
Term
shigella are gram _A_. caused by _B_. sx is _C_ diarrhea with high _D_ and possible _E_
Tx is _F_. |
|
Definition
A. G- rod
B. fecal-oral
C. profuse bloody diarrhea
D. high fever
E. seizures
F. supportive |
|
|
Term
campylbacter caused by _A_ foods and contaminated _B_.
Sx of _C_ diarrhea. Disease is _D_. |
|
Definition
A. indercooked poultry
B. water sources
C. profuse, bloody
D. self-limiting |
|
|
Term
Do not use antimotility drugs with _A_ because it can cause _B_.
MC non-bacterial diarrhea in young kids is _C_. MC parasite in the US is _D_ |
|
Definition
A. EHEC (O157)
B. HUS
C. rotavirus
D. Giardia |
|
|
Term
Giardial diarrhea is caused by _A_. pts have excessive _B_ and _C_ stools.
Tx is _D_. |
|
Definition
A. water
B. gas
C. watery
D. flagyl |
|
|
Term
C diff
MC causes are _A_ (3)
first line tx is _B_.
Other tx options are _C_ (3) |
|
Definition
A. clinda, fluoros, PCN
B. Oral vanco
C. IV flagyl, fidaxomicin, fecal transplant |
|
|
Term
| Vitamin D deficiency causes _A_ in kids and _B_ in adults. MC in _C_(2) populations |
|
Definition
A. rickets
B. osteomalacia
C. elderly and shutins |
|
|
Term
| Vit E deficiency causes _A_ anemia and degenerative _B_. |
|
Definition
A. hemolytic anemia
B. nerve changes |
|
|
Term
| Vit C deficiency causes _A_ which presents with poor _B_, _C_ rash and bleeding _D_. |
|
Definition
A. scurvy
B. poor wound healing
C. petechial
D. bleeding gums |
|
|
Term
| Thiamine deficiency causes _A_ which presents with poor _B_, _C_ dysfunction and _D_ (2). |
|
Definition
A. beri beri
B. poor coordination
C. cardiac
D. edema and tingling |
|
|
Term
Pancreatitis- MC causes are _A_ (2)
classic triad for chronic pancreatitis is _B_ (3). |
|
Definition
A. etoh and cholelithiasis
B. pancreatic calcification, steatorrhea, DM |
|
|
Term
Pancreatic cancer
Sx are _A_ (2)
Tumor marker is _B_
Dx is done with _C_. prognosis is _D_. |
|
Definition
A. palpable gallbladder, painless jaundice
B. CA19-9
C. CT
D. poor |
|
|
