Term
| ulcer pain relieved by eating food |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| H Pylori followed by NSAIDs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
triple therapy
PPI + clarithro + amox
metro + bismuth + tetracycline |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
PPI qd
D/C NSAID, if not possible take misoprostol |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| free air under the diaphragm |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| strongest risk factor for gastric adenocarcinoma |
|
Definition
| chronic H Pylori infection |
|
|
Term
| signs of gastric adenocarcinoma mets |
|
Definition
Virchow's node
Sister Mary Joseph Node
Blumer's shelf
Krukenberg Tumor |
|
|
Term
| ____________ helps maintain continence by minimizing trauma during BMs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| internal vs external hemorrhoids |
|
Definition
internal = above dentate line
external = below dentate line |
|
|
Term
| tx of internal hemorrhoids |
|
Definition
| high fiber diet, fluids, stool softener |
|
|
Term
| what is the timeline for clot evacuation in external hemorrhoids? |
|
Definition
| must be done within 48 hours of sx onset |
|
|
Term
| communcation between an abscess and an opening in the anal canal |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| anal abscesses normally drain through where? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a split in anal mucosa, usually occurs midline just distal to the dentate line |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| mature anal ulcers are associated with a skin tag called a |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| tearing burning pain that subsides over hours and is associated with constipation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| abscess in the sacrococcygeal cleft with resultant sinus tract development |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| painful fluctuant area at sacrum - small midline pits or absecesses near midline of sacrum and coccyx, chronic draining sinuses with hair protruding from pits |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| gold standard for dx of mesenteric ischemia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| pain out of proportion to PE findings, N/V/D, blood stools |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| MC GI complication from CV surgery |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| RUQ pain, jaundice, fever with chills |
|
Definition
| Charcot's triad - associated with cholangitis |
|
|
Term
| RUQ abd pain, jaundice, fever w/ chills, hypotension, mental confusion |
|
Definition
| Reynold's Pentad - acute supperative colangitis |
|
|
Term
| bacterial infection superimposed over obstructed biliary tree from gallstone, stricture, or neoplasm |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
PTC - percutaneous transhepatic cholangiogram
ERCP - endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
MRC - magnetic resonance cholangiography |
|
|
Term
| can be used to dx and tx colangitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| gallbladder wall inflammation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cholelithiasis, bile statis, bacterial infection |
|
|
Term
| acalculous cholecystitis = no stone present, associated with (5) |
|
Definition
major surgery
critical illness
burns
trauma
TPN |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| appendicitis leads to gangrene and perforation if not treated in how long? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| + psoas and obturator signs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| best test to dx appendicitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| patchy, transmural inflammation (skip lesions) involving any segment of the GI tract from mouth to anus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where does Crohn's commonly and not commonly affect? |
|
Definition
commonly = proximal colon (ileocecal)
uncommon = Terminal Ileum |
|
|
Term
| initial lesions of Crohn's disease |
|
Definition
| apthoid ulcers and focal crypt abscesses |
|
|
Term
| IBD where UGI tract and rectum are often spared |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Crohn's is associated with caseating or non-caseating granulomas? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| extraintestinal manifestations of Crohn's disease |
|
Definition
| increased risk of gallstones, acute arthropathy, uveitis, nephrolithiasis, E. nodosum, pyoderma gangrenosum, vertebral fx |
|
|
Term
T or F
Crohn's is often ASCA positive? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most episodes of pancreatitis are associated with? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| pancreatitis is diagnosed/staged based on? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cullen's sign, Grey Turner's Sign |
|
Definition
pancreatitis
cullen = bruising around umbilicus
grey turner = bruising at flanks |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
pain control
replace pancreatic enzymes
H2 blockers, or PPI
octreotide
low fat diet
oral hypoglycemic agent or insulin
cyanocobalamin |
|
|
Term
| acute LLQ abdominal pain, leukocytosis, loose bowel movement, N/V |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| CT = stranding, fatty infiltration, streaking, dirty fat, phlegon |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
cipro + flagyl
augmentin
low residue diet
surgical resection of infected area |
|
|
Term
| diagnostic criteria for IBS |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
diarrhea = trial of lactose free diet, loperamide
constipation = high fiber, laxatives |
|
|
Term
| 3 phases of acute hepatitis |
|
Definition
prodromal
icteric
convalescent |
|
|
Term
| how is Hep A transmitted? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how is Hep B transmitted? |
|
Definition
parenteral, sexual contact
blood
saliva
semen
vaginal secretion
mother - baby |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| immunized or recovered acute infection |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| viral replication and infectivity |
|
|
Term
| Hep D must be seen in conjunction with what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how is Hep E transmitted? who is it often lethal in? |
|
Definition
transmitted enterically through water-borne epidemics.
often fatal to pregnant women |
|
|
Term
| chronic active hepatitis... 4 types |
|
Definition
majority of HCV and minority of HBC pts
autoimmune hepatitis
induced by agents such as minocycline, nitrofurantoin, NSAIDs, herbals, OTC's
metabolic liver disease - Wilson's, hemochromatosis |
|
|
Term
| difference between autoimmune hepatitis type 1 and type 2 |
|
Definition
1 = ANA, ASMA - affects nuclei and/or smooth muscle
2 = anti LKM1 - affects liver/kidney microsomes |
|
|
Term
| tx of autoimmune hepatitis |
|
Definition
| prednisone, corticosteroids, immunosupprsesives |
|
|
Term
| prognosis of alcoholic hepatitis |
|
Definition
| grave if continues to drink - 5 year survival = 40% |
|
|
Term
| intra-abdominal abscess is associated with (4) |
|
Definition
pancreatitis
acute cholecysitis
crohn's
appendicitis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| sensation of a lump in the throat without physical mass |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| this muscle prevents reflux after swallowing |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Barrett's esophagitis which predisposes the person to malignancy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| disorders of esophageal motility (6) |
|
Definition
neurogenic dysphagia
Zenker's diverticulum
esophageal stenosis
achalasia
diffuse esophageal spasm
scleroderma |
|
|
Term
| outpouching of the posterior hypopharynx that can cause regurgitation of undigested food and liquid into the pharynx several hours after eating |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| difficulty with both liquids and solids caused by injury or disease of the brainstem or the branial nerves involved in swallowing |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| slow progression of solid food dysphagia indicates ___________ and rapid progression indcates ___________. |
|
Definition
slow = benign
rapid = malignant |
|
|
Term
| global esophageal disorder in which peristalsis is decreased and lower esophageal sphincter tone is increased causing a slowly progressive dysphagia with episodic regurgitation and chest pain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| study that can reveal both structural and motor abnormalities |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| parrot-beaked appearance on barium swallow |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| test used to asses the strength and coordination of peristalsis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| MC types of esophageal neoplasms (2) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Barrett's esophagitis is associated with what type of cancer? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| esophageal cancers are frequently related to what 2 things? |
|
Definition
| cigarette smoking and drinking |
|
|
Term
| best initial test to visualize esophageal neoplasms |
|
Definition
| biphasic barium esophagram |
|
|
Term
| linear mucosal tear in the esophagus, generally at the gastroesophageal junction, that occurs with foreful vomiting or retching causing hematemesis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| underlyng cause of esophageal varices |
|
Definition
| portal HTN due to cirrhosis |
|
|
Term
| Budd Chiari syndrome may cause thrombosis of the portal vein leading to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
hemodynamic support - high volume fluid replacement
vasopressors
immediate control of bleeding - endoscopic therapy and pharmacologic vasoconstriction (octreotide) are preferred. |
|
|
Term
| burning, gnawing pain that often radiates to the back |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ulcer pain that worsens with food --> anorexia and weight loss |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| gastrin secreting tumor (gastrinoma) |
|
Definition
| Seollinger-Ellison syndrome |
|
|
Term
| apparent PUD that is refractory to tx, think what? |
|
Definition
| Zollinger-Ellison syndrome |
|
|
Term
| 2 tests used to diagnose ZES |
|
Definition
fasting gastrin > 150 pg/mL
scretin test --> increases in gastrin levels > 200 pg/mL |
|
|
Term
| dyspepsia and weight loss associated with anemia and occult GI bleeding in a pt older than 40 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most common extra-nodal site for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antibiotic associated diarrhea is almost always caused by |
|
Definition
| clostridium difficile which in the most severe cases causes pseudomembranous colitis |
|
|
Term
| most small bowel obstructions are due to (2) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| large bowel obstruction is likely due to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| high pitched bowel sounds that come in rushes, associated with air-fluid levels |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| twisting of any portion of the bowel on itself, most commonly the sigmoid or cecal area |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| inflammation of the small bowel with the ingestion of gluten containing food such as wheat, rye, and barley leading to malabsorption |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| diarrhea, steatorrhea, weight loss, weakness, abdominal distention, failure to thrive, IgA antiendomysial and antitissue transglutaminase antibodies are the serologic screen |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is needed to confirm the dx of celiac sprue? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| nutritional deficiencies often associated with celiac sprue (5) |
|
Definition
iron,
B12
folic acid
calcium
vitamin D |
|
|
Term
| bloody diarrhea is more often associated with crohn's or ulcerative colitis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| MCC of chronic or recurrent abdominal pain in the US |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| invagination of a proximal segment of the bowel into the portion just distal to it "telescoping" |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| severe colicky pain associated with currant jelly stool and a sausage like abdominal mass |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what test may be both diagnostic and therapeutic in children with intussusception? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| large outpouchings of the mucosa in the colon. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| inflammation of diverticula caused by obstructing matter |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
tx of diverticulosis
tx of diverticulitis |
|
Definition
diverticulosis = high fiber diet
diverticulitis = low residue diet |
|
|
Term
| optimal test to evaluate for ischemia of the colon |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| congenital aganglionosis of the colon leading to functional obstruction in the newborn |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| extreme dilation and immobility of the colon, representing a true emergency |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| family members of those with familial polyposis syndrome should be evaluated how often starting when? |
|
Definition
| every 1-2 years starting at 10-12 years of age |
|
|
Term
| criteria used to stage colorectal cancer |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| tx of anorectal abscess/fistula |
|
Definition
surgical drainage and WASH regimen
warm water cleansing,analgesics, stool softeners, high fiber diet |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1 = confined to anal canal and may bleed with defecation
2 = protrude from anal opening but reduce spontaneously
3 = require manual reduction after BM
4 = chroncially protruding and risk strangulation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| pain of appendicitis starts where? why? eventually localizes where? |
|
Definition
starts - umbilicus due to embryologic connections
localizes to RLQ (McBurney's point) |
|
|
Term
| pt is supine and attempts to raise the leg against resistance |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| pt is supine and attempts to flex and internaly |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| pt is supine and attempts to flex and internally rotate the right hip with knee bent |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| is lipase or amylase more sensitive for pancreatitis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
what is courvoisier's sign
? what is it associated with? |
|
Definition
jaundice accompanied by a palpable gallbladder
pancreatic neoplasm |
|
|
Term
| classic triad of pancreatic calcification, steatorrhea, and DM occurs in what % of pacreatitis pts? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| surgical tx used for pancreatic cancer without mets? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| obstruction of the bile duct, generally by a stone, leading to chronic inflammation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| colicky epigastric of RUQ pain that ofen occurs after a fatty meal |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| primary sclerosing cholangitis is associated with? |
|
Definition
| cholangiocarcinoma and increased pancreatic and colorectal cancer |
|
|
Term
| deficiency leading to night blindness and dry skin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| deficiency leading to Rickets and osteomalacia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| deficiency leading to hemolytic anemia and degenerative nerve changes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| deficiency leading to excess bleeding |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| deficiency leading to beriberi (nervous tingling, poor coordination, edema, weakness, cardiac dysfunction) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| deficiency leading to oral inflammation and eye disorders |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| deficiency leading to flushing |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| deficiency leading to tingling, fatigue, and headache |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| deficiency leading to dermatitis, tongue pain, anemia, depression |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| deficiency leading to headache, anemia, seizures, flaky skin, sore tongue |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| deficiency leading to megaloblastic anemia, sore tongue, diarrhea, mental disorders |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| deficiency leading to megaloblastic anemia, poor nerve function |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| deficiency leading to scurvy (poor wound healing, petechiae, bleeding gums) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| esophageal atresia is commonly associated with |
|
Definition
| tracheoesophageal fistulas |
|
|
Term
| projectile vomiting, olive shaped mass, "string sign" |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| MC location of bowel atresia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| congenital absence of Meissner's and Auerbach's plexuses |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| rare autosomal recessive disorder associated with inability to metabolize the protein phenylalanine. associated with a mousy odor |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| strict control of protein intake for life. If not caught and treated by age 3 will lead to irreversible brain damage. |
|
|
