Term
| Five anatomical regions of the stomach |
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Definition
Cardia
Fundus
Body
Antrum
Pylorus |
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Term
| Two compartments of the gastric mucosa |
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Definition
Foveolar(leaflike)
Glandular (deeper) |
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Term
| the only cells found in the cardia glands |
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Definition
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Term
| Oxyntic glands are found in |
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Definition
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Term
| Antral or pyloric glands are |
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Definition
| mucus secreting and endocrine cells |
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Term
| inflammation of the gastric mucosa |
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Definition
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Term
| gastritis with predominant neutrophilic infiltrate |
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Definition
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Term
| gastritis with a predominant lymphocytes and plasma cells |
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Definition
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Term
| Etiological factors associated with acute gastritis |
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Definition
NSAIDS
alcohol
smoking
stress
uremia
cancer chemo |
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Term
| Etiological factors associated with chronic gastritis |
|
Definition
H. pylori
gastric hyperacidity
Autoimmune
Alcohol/tobacco
Radiation |
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Term
| Clinical features of acute gastritis |
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Definition
Asymptomatic
variable pain
nausea/vomiting
hematemese, melena, fatal blood loss |
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Term
| the most important etiological factor in chronic gastritis |
|
Definition
| H. pylori in 90% of patients |
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Term
|
Definition
| G-, flagella, urease, adhesion, express cagA and vacA associated with duodenal ulcers |
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|
Term
| H. pylori does not invade gastric |
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Definition
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Term
| Morphology of Chronic gastritis |
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Definition
Inflammation of antrum, body, fundic
thinned mucosa
lymphocytes and plasma cells in lamina propia
increased mitosis
intestinal metaplasia
atrophic changes
Long standing chronic gastritis dysplastic changes |
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|
Term
| Chronic gastritis can lead to two development problems |
|
Definition
| peptic ulcers and gastric carcinoma |
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Term
| A breach in the mucosa of the alimentary tract, which extends through the MUSCULARIS MUCOSAE into the submucosa or deeper |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Biological risk factors for peptic ulcers |
|
Definition
>30
Blood group O of duodenum
EtoH cirrhosis of duodenum
M>F |
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Term
| produced by an imbalance between the gastroduodenal mucosal defense mchanisms and the damaging forces |
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Definition
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Term
| Damaging forces of Peptic ulcers |
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Definition
| NSAIDS, alcohol, smoking, aspirin, gastric hyperacidity, duodenal-gastric reflux |
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Term
| Defensive forces of Peptic ulcers |
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Definition
| Surface mucus, Bicarb, mucosal blood flow, prostaglandins,epithelial regenerative |
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Term
| 4 factors of how H. pylori destroys mucosal defense |
|
Definition
1. protease breaks down glycoproteins of mucosa
2. phospholipase damages epithelial cells
3. neutrophil myeloperoxidase destroying cells
4. damage to mucosa release nutrients to allow h.pylori to thrive |
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|
Term
| Most duodenal ulcers near |
|
Definition
| pyloric ring on anterior wall |
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|
Term
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Definition
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|
Term
| Clinical aspects of peptic ulcers |
|
Definition
Epigastric burning pain
Pain worse at night or after meal
Relieved by alkalis |
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|
Term
| growth factor overexpression in superficial gastric epithelium, encountered in males in 40-60s |
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Definition
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Term
| Hypertrophic changes in body-fundus, or antrum producing wt loss, diarrhea, bleeding. Causes little to no hydrochloric acid due to glandular atrophy. Increase risk of gastric carcinoma |
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Definition
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Term
| Morphology includes irregular enlargement of gastric rugae and polypoid changes, hyperplasia of foveolar mucous cells, diffuse and patchy glandular atrophy, hypoplasia of parietal and chief cells |
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Definition
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Term
| Any nodule or mass that projects above the level of the surrounding mucosa. Mass lesions arising from the mucosa |
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Definition
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Term
| Majority of gastric polyps are (90%) |
|
Definition
| non neoplastic and hyperplastic |
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Term
| True dysplasia is not present. most are small located in antrum. seen most frequently in chronic gastritis |
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Definition
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Term
| Constitutes 5-10% of polypoid lesions in the stomach. Contains proliferative dysplastic epithelium and thereby has malignant potential. Can be sessile or predunuculated. 3-4cm in size. increase with age |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Environmental factors associated with gastric carcinoma |
|
Definition
Nitrites
smoked, salty, pickled food
smoking
low socioeconomic status |
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|
Term
| Host factors associated with gastric carcinoma |
|
Definition
chronic gastritis
h. pylori
partial gastrectomy
gastric adenomas
barret esophagus |
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|
Term
| Genetic association of gastric carcinoma |
|
Definition
Blood group A
Family history
Hereditary nonpolyposis Colon cancer syndrom |
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Term
| Two types of gastric carcinoma morphology |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Gastric CA is classified on the basis of |
|
Definition
1. depth of invasion
2. macroscopic growth pattern
3. histology or cell type |
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Term
| Early gastric CA confined to |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Late gastric CA extends into |
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Definition
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Term
| Growth pattern more commonly seen with tumors of intestinal morphology |
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Definition
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|
Term
| growth pattern in diffuse type with infiltrative growth pattern |
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Definition
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Term
| growth pattern of Shallow or deeply erosive crator present in the wall of the stomach |
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Definition
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Term
| a broad region of the gastric wall or the entire stomach is infiltrated by malignancy, creating a rigid, thickened, leather bottle termed |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Gastric carcinomas frequently metastasize to the |
|
Definition
| supraclavicular sentinel (Virchow) node |
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Term
| Gastric metastasis to the periumbilical region forms a subcautaneous nodule called |
|
Definition
| Sister Mary Joseph Nodule |
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Term
| Gastric Metastatic adenocarcinoma to the ovaries is referred to as a |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Represents 5% of all gastric malignancies |
|
Definition
| Gastric lymphoma usually associated with MALToma |
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|
Term
| Translocation of gastric lymphoma |
|
Definition
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