Term
| what is the pH of the mucous gel that protects the stomach? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| The specialized cells of the ____ secrete the contents of the gastric lumen |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| mucous secretion is triggered by: |
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Definition
| mechanical stress, chemical irritation, and parasympathetic inputs |
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|
Term
| which cells secrete the gastric acid? |
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Definition
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Term
| _____ cells secrete pepsinogen; which is turned to pepsin to break down protein |
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Definition
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Term
| this disorder is characterized by backflow of stomach contents into the esophagus which has no protective layer and may cause erosion |
|
Definition
| Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) |
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Term
|
Definition
| fatty food, alcohol, caffeine, smoking, obesity, pregnancy |
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Term
| In pts with recurring gurd, changes in the esophageal lining may occur. This is called ___________ |
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Definition
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Term
| treatment of barretts esophagus |
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Definition
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Term
| normal gastric acid production, however the mucosal barrier is weak, and causes and erosion in the stomach lining- caused by NSAIDS |
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Definition
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Term
| mucosal barrier is normal but there is an abnormally high secretion of acid and this causes an erosion |
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Definition
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Term
| over 95% of peptic ulcers are due to _____ |
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Definition
| heliobacter pylori, NSAIDs |
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Term
| what is the primary goal in treating ulcers and gerd? |
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Definition
| to reduce the stomach acid contents |
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Term
| agent when taken orally, lowers the pH of the blood as well |
|
Definition
| systemic antacid; sodium bicarbonate |
|
|
Term
| these antacids stay only the stomach |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| these are contraindicated in pts with impaired renal function and may cause diarrhea |
|
Definition
aluminum hydroxide
mg hydroxide combos |
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|
Term
| marketed as tums- may cause constipation |
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Definition
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Term
| inhibition secretion of gastric acid through compeitive inhibion of H2 receptors on the parietal cells. Allow ulcers to heal |
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Definition
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Term
| this H2 receptor blocker inhibits the metabolism of estrogen- problem for men |
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Definition
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|
Term
cimetidine
famotidine
ranitidine
nizatidine |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| strong inhibitors of gastric acid secretion by irreversibly bloking the proton pump of parietal cells. decreases acid secretion by 95% for 48 hrs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
omeprazole (prilosec)
esomeprazole (nexium)
rebeprazole
lansoprazole
pantoprazole |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| older med from before H2 blockers- this is a PGE1 analog and stimulates the GI pathway leading to a decrease in gastric acid release |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| these should not be given to women of childbearing age unless they are on birth control |
|
Definition
| prostaglandins- Misoprostol |
|
|
Term
| muscarinic M1 acteylcholine receptor antagonist that blocks gastric acid secretions. rarely used today |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| side effects of Pirenzipine |
|
Definition
| anorexia, blurry vision, constipation, dry mouth, sedation |
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|
Term
| this mucosal protective agents requires an acid pH in the stomach for activation and then coats the stomach. must be give 2 hrs between drugs and meals |
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Definition
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Term
| this mucosal protective agent protects the ulcer crater and allows healing. should not be used repeatedly or longer than 2 months |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| triple therapy for h.pylori |
|
Definition
| proton pump inhibitor+ amoxicillin/tetracycline (moderate antibiotic)+metronidazone/ clarithomycin(stong antibiotic) |
|
|
Term
| how long is the triple therapy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| quadruple therapy for h.pylori: |
|
Definition
| 3 day treatment as efficacious as triple therapy (85%) the same, but add pepto bismol |
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Term
| for this, all therapies are anti-inflammatory and strength depends on the severity |
|
Definition
| inflammatory bowel disease |
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|
Term
| # 1 cause of constipation |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| treatments of constipation |
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Definition
| bulking agents, osmotic laxatives, stimulant drugs, stool softeners |
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|
Term
| increase in bowel content volume triggers stretch recsptors in the intestinal wall |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| psyllum, bran, methylcellulose |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| effective in 1-3 hrs, used to purge the intestine, fluid is drawn into the bowel by osmotic force, increasing volume and triggering peristalsis |
|
Definition
| saline and osmotic laxatives |
|
|
Term
| non-digestible sugar and alcohol |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
milk of magnesia
epsom salt
glauber's salt
sodium phosphate
sodium citrate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
docusate sodium (surfactant and stimulant)
liquid paraffin (oral solution)
glycerin suppositories |
|
Definition
| stool softeners- emollients |
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|
Term
| increases intestinal motility, irritate the GI mucosa and pull water into the lumen, indicated for severe constipation where more rapid effect is required (6-8) hours |
|
Definition
| irritant/ stimulant laxatives |
|
|
Term
| castor oil, senna, bisacodyl, lubiprostone |
|
Definition
| irritant/stimulant laxatives |
|
|
Term
| stimulant laxative PGE-1 derivative that stimulates chloride channels, producing chloride-rich secretions |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| you shouldn't administer anti-diarrheal agents unless_______ |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| anti-diarrheal agents all reduce perisalsis by stimulating ______ receptors in the bowel. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This anti-diarrheal is OTC and 40-50x more potent than morphine but does not cross the BBB |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| primary cause of diarrhea in pts exposed to antibiotics. seen in hospitals |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
discontinue offending antibiotic
- metronidazole
- vancomycin |
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|
Term
used to relieve the painful symptoms associated with gas by altering the elasticity of mucus-coated bubbles, causing them to break
limited data regarding effectiveness |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| this is prepared from the root of the ipechacuanha plant and induces emesis |
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Definition
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Term
| Ipecac syrup should only be given if there is a delay of _____ between the time the toxin is ingested and the time arriving at the hospital |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antiemetic therapy for motion sickness that is a M1 receptor antagonist |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antiemetic H1/ D2 receptor antagonists |
|
Definition
| Phenothiazines: Promethazine (phenergan) Prochlorperazine (compazine) |
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|
Term
| these anti emetics may have the side effect of tardive diskensia when used long term |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| these are good from chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting |
|
Definition
| serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonists |
|
|
Term
ondansetron (sofran)
granisetron |
|
Definition
| Serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonists |
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