Term
| What is a hyperplastic polyp and where does it most likely occur |
|
Definition
Benign lesion of delayed shedding of epithelial
Rectosigmoids colon |
|
|
Term
What are juvenille polyps?
Where are they typically found?
When can they be malignant? |
|
Definition
Hamartomatous Polyps in rectum of children <5
May persist as retention polyps
Location: Colorectal area
Malignant: Juvenille Polyposis Syndrome |
|
|
Term
| When can Juvenille polyps be maligant |
|
Definition
| Part of Juvenille Polyposis syndrome (AD) |
|
|
Term
What is Peutz Jeghers Polyposis
What is the major risk |
|
Definition
AD Hemartomatous polyps in small bowel and other GIT
Melanotic Lips/Oral/Genitalia/Palms
Risk: Sex cord tumor in Women, Pancreas, Breast, Lung, Ovary, Uterine Cancer, |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Hemarthromatous genetic disorder: PTEN mutation
Increased risk of cancer |
|
|
Term
What are the archetechure types of adenomas?
Which is the most common?
Which forms Large Sessile plaques? |
|
Definition
Tubular: Most common, small pedunculated
Tubulovillous
Villous: larger and sessile |
|
|
Term
| What are the pathological features of adenomas and adenocarcinomas |
|
Definition
Adenoma
No goblet
Striatified epithelium
Elongated
Adenocarcinoma
No stroma between glands |
|
|
Term
| When is an adenoma considered to have metastatic potentional |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the mutation of Familial Adenomatous polyposis and what is the prognosis? |
|
Definition
APC mutation dyregulating B-catenin signaling
Cancer by 4th decade |
|
|
Term
| What is the most common type of familial colorectal cancer syndrome |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the mutation in HNPCC and the presentation |
|
Definition
DNA mismatch repair causing microsatellite instability
Early onset of colon and other cancers |
|
|
Term
| How do left and right colon cancers present differently? |
|
Definition
Left
Bleeding
Bowel Change
Right
Iron deficiency anemia
Fatigue/Weakness |
|
|
Term
| What areas of the colon show the most carcinoma |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Risk factors for colorectal cancer |
|
Definition
Family history
Meat
Smoking
Alcohol
Lack of Vegetables
Physical Activity
Body Mass |
|
|
Term
| What determines the prognosis of a carcinoid tumor |
|
Definition
Location: Appendix and rectum best
Depth of Penetration
Size |
|
|
Term
| What are the symptoms of carcinoid syndrome how does it occur |
|
Definition
Symptoms:
Flushing/Cyanosis
Hypermotility
Brochoconstriction
Hepatomegaly
Systemic Fibrosis
Cause: excessive serotonin bypassing the hepatic circulation |
|
|
Term
What is the most common cause of rectal cancer?
What are the symptoms?
What determines prognosis? |
|
Definition
HPV-16
Symptoms
Bleeding
Pain
No symptoms
Prognosis: Size |
|
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