Term
| What is the most common site for atresia/stenosis and heterotropia in the intestines |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the major complication diaphramatic hernia |
|
Definition
| Lung hypoplasia/Pulm HPTN |
|
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Term
| Are most congenital abnormalities isolated |
|
Definition
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|
Term
What is myoconium Ileus?
What is it an sign of? |
|
Definition
Failure to pass meconium in neonatal period
Sign of Cystic Fibrosis or Hirshsprung's |
|
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Term
| What is Meckel's diverticulum(viteline duct) and what tissue is commonly found within? |
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Definition
Failure of Omphalo-mesenteric duct to involute
50% have Pancreatic or Gastric Hetertropia |
|
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Term
What is the Hirschsprung Disease?
What is a severe complication
What sex is it more common in?
What disease is it associated with? |
|
Definition
Absence of Myenteric Plexus in rectrum with variable proximal extension
Complication: Colonic rupture
Sex: Males
Association: Down Syndrome |
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Term
| What are some causes of acquired megacolon |
|
Definition
Chagas: Trypanosoma Cruzi
Obstruction
Toxic Megacolon(UC/C.diff)
Psychosomatic |
|
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Term
| How is lactose intolerance diagnosed |
|
Definition
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Term
| What are some causes of malabsorption from epithelial injury |
|
Definition
Celiac Sprue
Tropical Sprue
Whipple Disease
Infectious Enterocolitis
IBD |
|
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Term
What is the etiology of Celiac Sprue
How does it appear on colonoscopy?
What is the micro appearance?
How is it diagnosed?
What are the HLA associations? |
|
Definition
Gliadin peptides in gluten foods(Oat, wheat, Barley, Rye) interact w/ MHC-II to activate
T-cells
Colonoscopy: Cracked Mud appearance
Micro: Villous Atrophy and Crypt hyperplasia
Dx: Anti-tTG
HLA: DQ2, DQ8, B2
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|
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Term
| What diseases and maligannacies is Celiac Sprue associated with? |
|
Definition
Diseases:
IDDM
Down
IgA deficiency
Dermatitis herpitiformis
Malignancies
T-cell Lymphoma
Small Intestine Adenocarcinoma
Esophogus
Breast |
|
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Term
| What causes tropical sprue and how is it differentiated from Celiac Sprue |
|
Definition
Enterotoxic E.coli
Probable if gluten free diet doesn't alleviate symptoms |
|
|
Term
What are the common symptoms of Whipple disease?
What is the pathogenesis of Whipple Disease?
How is it identified?
What sex is it most common in?
How is it differentiated from MAC? |
|
Definition
Symptoms:
Malabsorption
Hyperpigmentation
Encephalopathy
Polyarthritis
Patho: Infection with Tropheryma whippelii in host with defective phagocyte killing
ID: Macrophages with PAS(+) rods in enlarged villi
Sex: Males
MAC: Acid Fast Stain |
|
|
Term
What is Abetalipoproteinemia?
Micro pathology?
How is it inherited? |
|
Definition
Can synthesize Apoprotein B causing an absence of CM, VLDL, and LDL
Vaculoated Epithelial cells
Inheritance: AR |
|
|
Term
| What bacteria can cause bloody stool |
|
Definition
Yersina
Shigella
E.coli
Salmonella
C. Jejuni |
|
|
Term
What is the appearance of Giardia Lamblia?
How it it transmitted? |
|
Definition
Pear Shaped Trophozoite Parasite in duodenum
Fecally contaminated Water and Food |
|
|
Term
| What is Pseudomembranous colitis and what causes it? |
|
Definition
Fibrinopurulent exudate
Caused by C.difficil exotoxins |
|
|
Term
| Inflamation of what epithelium causes most bowel adhesions |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are incarcerated and strangulated hernias |
|
Definition
Incarcerated: Bowel entrapped
Strangulated: Infarction of entrapped bowel |
|
|
Term
What is the main cause of Intussusception in adults
What is Volvulus |
|
Definition
Mass lesion serving as a lead point
Volvulus: twisting of bowel upon itself |
|
|
Term
How is ischemic bowel described by the extent of ischemia
What are the major Causes
What is the Prognosis |
|
Definition
Mucosa
Mural: Submucosa also
Transmural: All Layers
Causes:
Embolism
Thrombus
Venous Thrombus
Shock/Reduced Perfusion
Prognosis: Muy mal |
|
|
Term
What are the most common extranodal site of lymphoma
What is the most common lymph cell precusor
Most common Lymphoma type
What are the rick factors for alt lymphoma? |
|
Definition
Stomach
Small intestine
Colon
Precusor: B-Cell
Lymphoma Type: MALT
Risk Factors
H. Pylori
Celiac's
Mediterrean
Immunodeficiencies |
|
|
Term
What is the precursor cell for a GIST tumor?
What sex and age is commonly affected?
What conditions is it associated with?
What are the cell markers?
How is it Treated? |
|
Definition
Tumor of Interstitial Cells of Cajal
Sex/Age: Older Men
Associations:
If in a child think->Carney's Triad(gastric GIST, Paraganglioma, Lung Chondroma)
Neurofibromatosis type 1
Markers: c-KIT and CD35
Tx: Imatinib(Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor) |
|
|
Term
What is Carney's triad
Who would it likely be seen in? |
|
Definition
Young Girl with
GIST
Pulmonary Chondroma
Adrenal Paraganglioma |
|
|
Term
| What is the pathology of Entamoeba histolytica infection? |
|
Definition
Mucosal Ulcers
Dissemination->Liver, Lung, and Brain abcesses |
|
|
Term
| What disease does chronic ischemic necrosis of the intestine mimic? |
|
Definition
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