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GI-Path
Esophageal Pathology
21
Pathology
Graduate
02/07/2011

Additional Pathology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

Which esophogeal sphincter is a true sphincter?

What muscles contribute to each?

Definition

Upper Esophageal(true): Cricopharyngeus

Upper Esophogeal Circular

Lower Pharyngeal constrictors

Lower Esophogeal: Not a true sphincter(no true musculature)

Term
What are the congenital structural abnormalities of the esophogus
Definition

Agenesis

Atresia: non-canalized segment

Tracheoesophogeal fistula: Communicating

Term
What pathological process most common causes esophageal stenosis?
Definition
Mural fibrosis and scarring from chronic irritation or inflammation of the mucosa
Term
What is Plummer Vinson Syndrome and what risk does it carry
Definition

Triad: Glossitis/Chelitis,

Dyphagia from esophogeal webs

Iron deficiency Anemia

Risk: Can cause Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Term
What is Schatzki's Ring
Definition
Ring at the squamous columnar junction at the lower esophogeal sphincter
Term
What are esophogeal rings and webs
Definition

Protrusions in the wall of the esophogus

Rings: Lower

Webs: Upper

Term

What is the pathophysiology of Achalasia?

What is a complication?

What are the major causes?

Definition

Pathophys:

Aperistalsis

Increased LES resting tone or

LES incomplete relaxation causing stenosis of LES with proximal dialation

Complication:

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Aspiration

Causes

Primary: Idiopathic

Secondary: Chagas, Neuropathy, Infiltrative diseases(Amyloid/Sarcoid)

Term

What are the types of hiatal hernias?

Which is more common

Are they symptomatic?

Definition

Sliding(95%): Both esophogus and stomach

Paraesophogeal: Stomach not esophogus

Only 8% are symptomatic

Term

What are the types of esophogeal diverticuli?

How are they caused?

Which is the most common?

Definition

Zenker: Above UES, caused by UES dysfunction, Most common

Traction: Mid esophogeal, usually from cancer

Epiphrenic Diverticulum: Above LES, caused by LES dysfunction

Term

What is Mallory Weiss Syndrome?

What patients is it most likely to be seen in?

Definition

Longitudinal linear tear of lower esophogus/ stomach from vomiting and regurgitation

Most common in alcoholics

Term
What is Boerhaave Syndrome
Definition
Esophogeal rupture due to vomiting
Term

What are the most common causes of esophogeal varices?

What is the prognosis?

Definition

Portal HPTN

Schistosomiasis

Prognosis: Bad bc they are silent until they start bleeding

 

Term
What are the common causes of GERD
Definition

Defective LES

Esophogeal Clearing Defects

Hiatal Hernia

Gastric Factors

Term
What cell is most commonly seen in the epithelium of the esophogus of patients with gerd or esophogeal motor problems
Definition
Eosinophils
Term

What is the histology of barrett's esophogus and What is the risk?

What stain can be used?

What is the best pronostic indicator?

Definition

Colomnar epithelium in the esophogus containing alcian blue staining goblet cells

Risk: adenocarcinoma

Indicator: Presence Dysplasia

Term

What is the most common esophogeal cancer in the US?

World Wide?

Definition

Adenocarcinoma

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Term

Use of which substances carry a great risk for esophogeal squamous cells carcinoma?

Who is most likely to get it?

What is the prognosis?

Definition

Substances

Alcohol

Tobacco

Fungus or Nitrosamine Food products

Betal Nuts

Who

Older Black males with nutritional deficiencies

Prognosis: Terrible, mets before diagnosis

Term
Where in the esophagus are adenocarcinomas typically found
Definition
Distal 1/3
Term
What is a in-utero complication of esophogeal atresia
Definition
Polyhydramnios
Term
What pathology does Chagas disease cause in the esophagus
Definition
Achalasia from myenteric plexus destruction-> Mega Esophagus
Term
What is the main symptom of a zenker diverticum?
Definition
Regurgitation
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