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GI Motility
4
24
Physiology
Graduate
04/14/2008

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Term
Primary peristaltic contractions initiated by?
Definition
esophagus
Term
secondary peristaltic contr initiated by?
Definition
distension and local reflexes
Term
Principle motility fn of orad stomach
Definition
receptive relaxation to store ingested material via vasovagal reflex
Term
caudal stom fn
Definition
mixing, grinding, emptying
Term
principal movements of proximal colon
Definition
weak peristaltic contractions that permit storage & absorption of water
Term
Segmentation
Definition
contraction of CIRCULAR muscle w/o moving the food- LOCAL & not propogated--mixes chyme w/ digestive juices
Term
Peristalsis
Definition
INTRISIC-propogated wave of contraction that moves chyme in the aboral direction- Circular & longitudinal muscles coordinated contraction-local stretch receptors release serotonin which leads to constriction--
(Vomiting is extrinsic)
Term
Esophagus makeup/peristalsis details
Definition
Upper esophageal sphincter requires a vasovagal response. The rest of the esophagus has intrinsic peristaltic function
Only the upper part is impaired by a vagotomy.
Striated--inn directly
SM- inn by interneurons (peristalsis not dep on Vagus nerve)
Term
LES contr/relax
Definition
contr-Ach (vagal control)
relax- VIP & NO
Term
Swallowing center
Definition
Nucl Ambiguous & NTS--in medulla and lower pons
Term
Intrathoracic P across LES
Definition
above:-5, LES:+30, Stomach:+5
Term
Achalasia
Definition
loss of nerve fibers- spastic constriction & loss of peristalsis in LES
Term
Reflux Esophagitis
Definition
inflamed LE via acid--Dysphagia is pain on swallowing
Term
Barrett's Esoph
Definition
esoph epith->stom epith--Precancerous
Term
Laparoscopic Fundoplication
Definition
reinforcement of LES by wrapping upper stomach around the valve to prevent reflux
Term
What 3 food stuffs inhibit further emptying of stomach
Definition
fat, acid, and osmolarity
Term
effect of fat on gastric emptying mediated by?
Definition
cck
Term
slow waves originate in?
result from opening of selective/non-selective channels with entry of ??
Definition
Interstitial cells of CAJAL
non-selective cation channels
Na & Ca entry cause depol
Repol by K+ leak channels
Term
GI smooth muscle cells contraction details
Definition
act as Syncytium- act as a unit because of anatomic and electrical coupling through GAP JNs
Term
Smooth muscle actin v. myosin
Definition
has more actin and less myosin than skel muscle
Term
peristalsis intr & extr??
Definition
Spike potentials cause the muscles to contract vigorously. Although this basic rhythm is intrinsic, whether the potential reaches threshold and how much contraction you get has to do with the external input
Term
common cause of GERD
Definition
iii. One of the causes is hiatal hernia, which is part of the lower esophageal sphincter, is contributed by the diaphragm muscles. When diaphragm gets pulled apart – happens a lot in obesity –stomach herniates thru the diaphragm, making the esophageal valve incompetent. There will be reflux of acid into the esophagus, which does not have the protective mechanisms that the stomach does against acid.
Term
Gastroileal reflex
Definition
reflex relaxation of the ileocecal sphincter. This occurs about ½ hour after a meal. It is not only vagally mediated, but also thought to be due to high levels of gastrin. May induce bowel movement about ½ hour after a meal due to things moving into large intestine
Term
Haustra
Definition
segmental constrictions that go on slowly in the large intestine all the time. They don’t move the feces or the chyme, but just mix it, exposing it to the surface so that water is reabsorbed. A lot of bacteria digestion occurs in large intestine.
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