Term
|
Definition
- erosion of gastric/duodenal wall
- back diffusion of HCL and digestive enzymes
- H. pylori |
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Term
Histamine 2 Receptor Antagonists
- 3 kinds
- what do they do |
|
Definition
1) cimetidine (tagamet)
2) ranitidine (zantac)
3) famotidine (pepcid)
- suppress secretion of gastric acid and H ion concentration |
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Term
|
Definition
PO, IM, IV
USES:
gastric, duodenal ulcers
Zollinger Ellison syndrome
Aspiration pneumonitis - during surgery when they aspirate; H2 blocker before surgery will increase the acidity so its not as bad if they do aspirate
Heartburn, acid indigestion, sour stomach
AE:
antiadrenergic**
CNS effects
pneumonia
INTRXNS: warfarin, dilantin, theophylline, lidocaine
- these impair the enzyme in the liver that breaks these drugs down; increased levels of these |
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Term
|
Definition
more potent that cimetidine
USES:
short-term gastric, duodenal ulcer tx
prophylaxis for recurrent duodenal ulcers
Zollinger Ellison - preferred tx
GERD
AE: fewer than tagamet
CNS effects rare
NO adrenergic effects |
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Term
|
Definition
esomeprazole (nexium)
lansoprazole (prevacid)
omeprazole (prilosec)
most effective in suppressing gastric acid secretion
inhibit H, K, ATPase (proton pump) - enzyme that generates gastric acid
USES: gastric, duodenal ulcers; GERD |
|
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Term
| omeprazole (prilosec)/lansoprazole (prevacid) |
|
Definition
prodrug
acid labile - broken down in acid
USES:
short term tx duodenal ulcers, gastric ulcers, erosive esophagitis, GERD
long term tx Zollinger Ellison
AE:
minor - HA, diarrhea, N/V
gastric cancer - bc proton pump inhibits acid secretion
hip fracture - bc we increase the pH, we don't absorb Ca as well, increasing osteoporosis
INTRXNS: all reduce absorption
atazanavir - antiviral for HIV/AIDS
ketoconazole/itraconazole |
|
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Term
|
Definition
USES:
erosive esophagitis
GERD
duodenal ulcers assoc'd w/H. pylori
prophylaxis of NSAID induced ulcers
AE: HA, diarrhea, nausea, flatulence, abdominal pain, dry mouth
long term use - osteoporosis, fractures |
|
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Term
|
Definition
anti-ulcer med
protective barrier against acid and pepsin
sticky gel that adheres to ulcer crater
- barrier to back diffusion of gastric acid/pepsin; instead of secreting, stomach is taking it in so we get erosion in wall of stomach/duodenum
USES: acute and maintenance therapy of duodenal ulcers; can also heal gastric ulcers
AE: constipation in 2%
INTRXNS: give 2 hrs apart of these - absorption impaired if not
antacids, dilantin, theophylline, digoxin, warfarin, fluoroquinolone |
|
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Term
|
Definition
increase pH = more alkaline compounds that neutralize stomach acids
USES: PUD, GERD
AE: constipation, diarrhea, Na-loading (prob for CV, HTN)
INTRXNS: cimetidine, ranitidine, sucralfate |
|
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Term
| magnesium hydroxide (Milk of Magnesia) |
|
Definition
| AE: diarrhea, CNS depression in pt w/renal impairment |
|
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Term
| aluminum hydroxide (Amphogel) |
|
Definition
contains sig amt of Na
binds to pepsin, may facilitate ulcer healing
AE: constipation, hypophosphatemia
INTRXNS: reduced effects
tetracyclines, warfarin, digoxin |
|
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Term
|
Definition
acid rebound
AE: constipation, belching, flatulence (all bc excess CO2), milk alkali syndrome |
|
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Term
|
Definition
methylcellulose (citracel), psyllium (metamucil)
act like dietary fiber - non-digestible, non-absorbable
swells in H2O
USES: temp tx constipation, diverticulosis, IBS, diarrhea, ileostomy, colostomy |
|
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Term
| methylcellulose (citracel)/psyllium (metamucil) |
|
Definition
AE: esophageal/intestinal obstruction, impaction
administer w/full glass of water!! |
|
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Term
|
Definition
docusate sodium (colace)
soft stool days after tx
lowers surface tension, inhibits fluid absorption, stims secretion of H2O into intestines
admin w/full glass of water!! |
|
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Term
|
Definition
stims intestinal motility - peristalsis
increases amt of water in intestines
stool in 6-12hrs
ABUSED
USES: tx opioid induced constipation, tx constipation from slow intestinal transit
*may cause yellow/brown or pink color to urine |
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Term
|
Definition
magnesium hydroxide (MOM)
sodium phosphate (Fleets phospha soda)
poorly absorbed salts - draws water into intestines
small amts 6-12hrs; high dose 2-6hrs
USES: surgery/diagnostic procedures - need to empty bowel before, poisons, dead parasites |
|
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Term
| magnesium hydroxide (MOM)/sodium phosphate (Fleets phospha soda) |
|
Definition
AE: loss of water, toxic Mg level in renal impairment, fluid retention, acute renal failure
caution in pts w/renal failure |
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Term
|
Definition
ondasteron (Zofran)
lorazepam (Ativan)
dronabinol (Marinol)
promethazine (Phenergan)
serotonin R antagonists |
|
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Term
|
Definition
most effective for CINV
also for radiation and anesthesia induced N/V
admin: oral, parenteral
AE: HA, diarrhea, constipation, dizziness |
|
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Term
|
Definition
antiemetic and benzodiazepine
sedation, suppresses anticipatory N/V, anterograde amnesia |
|
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Term
|
Definition
contains THC
USES: CINV, appetite stimulant in HIV
EFFECTS: temporal disintegration, dissociation, depersonalization, dysphoria
Schedule III
NOT first line bc its addictive and bc of its effects |
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Term
|
Definition
antiemetic and dopamine antagonist
USES: reduce emesis assoc'd w/surgery, CINV
AE: extrapyrimidal rxns, anticholinergic effects, hypotension, sedation |
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Term
|
Definition
opioids**
loperamide (immodium)
diphenoxylate (lomotil) |
|
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Term
|
Definition
opioid used as antidiarrheal; NOT FOR PAIN
regular dose - no CNS effects
high doses - morphine like responses
when atropine is added, the addictive nature is decreased
Schedule V |
|
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Term
|
Definition
USES: diarrhea, ilieostomies
suppresses bowel motility
suppresses fluid secretion into intestine
NO potential for abuse |
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