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GI meds
pharmacology for GI disorders
15
Nursing
Undergraduate 1
11/15/2010

Additional Nursing Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

magnesium hydroxide w/ aluminum hydroxide

(Maalox, Mylanta, Gaviscon)

Definition
  • neurtalize gastric acid by forming a foamy layer around stomach contents
  • for relief of symptoms of acute peptic ulcer, gastric hyperactivity, & heartburn
  • SE:  diarrhea, constipation, hypophosphatemia,
  • Monitor: serum phosphate, K+ (may be lower), & Ca++ (may rise)
  • do NOT use w/ bowel obstruction
Term
aluminum hydroxide (Amphojel): antacid
Definition
  • neutralixe gastric acidity and inactivates pepsin
  • treat symptoms of peptic ulcer, gastritis, gastric hyperactivity & heartburn
  • SE:  diarrhea, constipation, hypercalcemia, hypophosphatemia
  • Monitor: serum phosphate, K+ (may lower), & Ca++ (may rise)
  • do NOT use w/ bowel obstruction
Term
H2 antagonists
Definition
  • ranitidne (Zantac)
  • famotidine (Pepsid)
  • nizatidine (Axid)

 

 

Term
H2 antagonists
Definition
  • block receptors of acid producing parietal cells
  • treat PUD, GERD, erosive esophagitis, gastric hypersecretory conditions, & adjunct therapy for upper GI bleed
  • SE: confusion, hypotention, depression, N/D, elevated liver enzymes
  • Monitor: CBC w/ diff & stool for frank or occult blood
  • may raise serum creatinine
Term
Proton Pump Inhibitors
Definition
  • omeprazole (Prilosec)
  • lansoprazole (Previcid)
  • pantoprazole soduim (Protonix)
Term
Proton Pump Inhibitors
Definition
  • irreversibly binds to proton pump
  • treats erosive esophagitis, GERD, active duodenal ulcers, gastric hypersecretory conditions
  • SE:  long term use can produce gastric tumors, predisposition of GI infections, add pain.
  • drug-drug: may increase seum levels of diazepam & phenytoin, warfarin use increases chance of bleeding
  • Monitor: CBC w/ diff, & INR, PTT for pt taking warfarin

 

Term
pantoprazole sodium (Protonix): proton pump inhibitor
Definition
  • reduces gastric production at the pump
Term

misoprostol (Cytotec): prostaglandin analog

 

Definition
  • increases mucus production to protect gastric mucosa during NSAID therapy
  • take w/ foods
  • SE:  abd cramps, diarrhea, miscarriage
  • Monitor: stool for frank / occult bleed

 

Term

sucralfate (Carafate): mucosal barrier fortifier

 

Definition
  • binds to ulcer surface, concentrates epidermal growth factor & stimulates mucoprotective molecules
  • treats active stress ulcer, esophageal erosion, & long term PUD therapy
  • take 1hr before meals and bedtime or 2hrs after meals
  • SE:  aluminum toxicity, nausea, constipation, dry mouth
  • Assess for frank / occult blood & abd pain
Term
clarithromycin (Biaxin): macolides; antimicrobial
Definition
  • inhibit bacterial protein synthesis
  • part of combo therapy for H. pylori
  • SE:  palpitations/ chest pain, dizziness, vertigo, N/V/D, heartburn, tinnitus, hearing loss, rash, headache
  • may raise BUN, AST, ALT, & alkaline phosphatase
  • assess stool for frank occult blood

 

Term
amoxicillin (Amoxil): aminopenicillins
Definition
  • inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis
  • prevent/treat infection of susceptible organisms & mgt of ulcer disease caused by H.pylori
  • SE:  rash, seizures, anaphylaxis
  • Monitor: bowel function & s/s of anaphalaxis
Term
metronidazole (Flagyl): fluoroquinolones; anti-ulcer
Definition
  • interrupts DNA & protein synthesis
  • treat peptic ulcer caused by H.pylori & pseudomembranous colitis
  • SE:  N/V, abd pain, dizziness, headache
  • **do NOT use w/ alcohol **
  • may alter AST, ALT, LDH results
Term
promethazine hydrochloride (Phenergan): antiemetics
Definition
  • blocks effects of hisamine
  • treatment of N/V
  • SE:  confusion, sedation
  • Monitor: CBC & serum glucose (may raise)
  • may cause false positive pregnancy test
Term
loperamide (Imodium): antidiarrheal
Definition
  • inhibit peristalsis & reduces fecal volume
  • treatment of diarrhea
  • SE:  drowsiness, constipation
  • Assess frequency & characteristics of stool, bowel sounds, & fluid & electrolyte balance
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