Term
| cornea dryness, night blindness, bitots spots: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| small white spots on conjunctiva assoc w Vit A def. |
|
|
Term
| Vit A def in children results in: |
|
Definition
1. loss of apetite
2. growth retardation
3. anemia |
|
|
Term
| ulcerations and necrosis of cornea, endopthalmitis, blindness: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ulceration and necrosis of cornea |
|
|
Term
| 3 risks/causes of Vit A def. |
|
Definition
1. lack of meat
2. iron def
3. xs etoh depletes Vit A |
|
|
Term
| serves as catalyst in carbohydrate metabolism and helps synthesize nerve regulating substances: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| irritability, fatigue, HA, leg cramps, muscle weakness |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| peripheral neuropathy, cardio & cerebral dysfunction |
|
|
Term
| occurs in infants breast fed by thiamine def mothers: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| CV sx, peripheral vascular vasodilation, high output failure, dyspnea, tachycardia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| neurological sx, symmetrical motor & sensory peripheral neuropathy, loss of reflexes: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| nystagmus, opthalmoplegia, truncal ataxia, confusion: |
|
Definition
| Wernicke's encephalopathy (Vit B1 def) |
|
|
Term
| amnesia, impaired learning and short term mem, halucinations, confabulations |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 2 risk factors for thiamine def: |
|
Definition
1. alcoholism
2. chronic dialysis |
|
|
Term
| assists in metabolizing fats, carbohydrates and respiratory proteins: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| affects oral and nasal mucosa, normocytic anemia: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Coenzyme involved in redox rxns: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| anorexia, wekaness, irritability, mouth sores, glossitis, stomatitis, weight loss, dermatitis, confusion, mem loss, psychosis, halucinations, diarrhea |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| dermatitis seen symmetrically in sun exposed areas |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| classic def syndrome w dermaitis, dementia, diarrhea |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| nucleic acid/AA metabolism, enables the body to be able to form Hgb |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| diarrhea, weight loss, weakness, sore tongue, HA, palpitations, irritabiliry, behavioral d/o, slow growth rate: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| B9 def is of greatest concern in: |
|
Definition
| pregnancy; causes LBW, premature births, neural tube defects (spinabifida) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Best indication for tissue folate: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Med for diabetics that may mess with folate utilization': |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 6 major risk factors for B9 def: |
|
Definition
1. prego/lactation
2. EtOH
3. Smoker
4. malabsorption (celiac)
5. dialysis
6. Liver dz |
|
|
Term
| coenzyme in nucleic acid metabolism, fxn of nervous sys & RBC formation: |
|
Definition
| B12 (cobalamin, cyanobalamin) |
|
|
Term
| commonly asx, tiredness, decreased mental work capacity, irritability, depression, mem loss, confusion: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| anorexia, diarrhea, glossitis, numbness/tingling of extremities, difficulty with balance, eventual dementia w ataxic gait: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| diabetic med that interferes with B12 absorption: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| cause of selective impaired absorption of B12: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| principal site of absorption for B12: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| infection that will compete for B12 absorption: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| common among vegetarians/vegans that don't take supplements: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| elevated serum levels of __ &__ are reliable factors of B12 def: |
|
Definition
| Homocystine & Methylmalonic acid which are converted to AA via B12. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| plays roles in collagen, carnitine, hormone and AA formation: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| essential for wound/burn healing supports immune fxn as antioxidant and facilitates absorption of iron: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| early sx: fatigue depression, weakness, irritability, weight loss, vague myalgias/arthralgias |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| later sx: gingivitis, petechiae, rash, purpura, perifollicular hemorrhage, impared wound healing, loose teeth, impared bone growth in children: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| terminal sx: edema, oliguria, neuropathy, intracranial hemorrhage, death |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| dz characterized by hemorrhagic manifestations & abn osteoid and dentin formation: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| involved in formation of intracellular cement substances in connective tissues: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| recommended doses for Vit C: |
|
Definition
75mg/daily for women
90mg/daily for men
smokers add 35mg, |
|
|
Term
| the upper limit for vit C intake is: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most is made in the body with a conversion of cholesterol by UV light |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Vit D converted in the ___ & the ____ to a hormone called ______ |
|
Definition
| converted in the liver and kidneys to a hormone called 1,25-dihydroxy-vit D |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. keeps Ca++ at a constant level
2. promotes GI absorption of Ca++
3. promotes bone growth/mineralization |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. keeps Ca++ at a constant level
2. promotes GI absorption of Ca++
3. promotes bone growth/mineralization |
|
|
Term
| 5 food sources for Vit D: |
|
Definition
1. cod liver oil
2. egg yolks
3. butter
4. oily fish
5. fortified: milk/cereal/formula |
|
|
Term
| 2 risk factors for Vit D def: |
|
Definition
1. no fortified food intake
2. no UV exposure |
|
|
Term
| def causes ricketts, osteomalacia: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bony bumps on ribs in vit D def. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which hormone works with vit D to regulate Ca++ levels? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| important for clotting, involved in the formation of active prothrombin: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| early HDN seen wn 24hrs of birth: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| wn 7-14 days of birth; bleeding from skin, gut circumcision site: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| seen 2-12 wks after birth; intracranial hemorrhage: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 2 Rx that interfere with Vit K metabolism: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| may occur following abx tx that depletes flora contributing to vit synthesis: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| define primary lactose intolerance: |
|
Definition
| low levels of lactase develop after childhood |
|
|
Term
| secondary lactose intolerance: |
|
Definition
| caused by injury to intestinal mucosa (diarrhea) or reduction in available mucosal surface. |
|
|
Term
| 50% of infants with diarrhea get secondary lactose intolerance due to: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ethnicities mostly involved in lactase def.: |
|
Definition
| Asians, Black, Native Amer = 85% |
|
|
Term
| when do low intestinal lactase levels develop |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| meds for lactose intolerance: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| autosomal recessive d/o def in enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| diet low in phenylalanine and high in tyrosine is effective |
|
|
Term
| early detection of PKU is crutial bc: |
|
Definition
| damage done is irreversible |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| defective PAH which converts phenylalanine to tyrosine build up phenylalanine which is converted to phenylketones that show in urine. build up of pALA in blood staurates BBB transporters of large neutral AA and other LNAA can't get to brain>MR |
|
|
Term
| malabsorption dz related to immune rxn to gluten: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when are the 2 peaks of incidence in celiac dz: |
|
Definition
1. infancy following cereal intake 80%
2. adults 40-50yo 20% |
|
|
Term
| infancy - abd pain, diarrhea (+/-blood), failure to thrive, poor weight gain. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| childhood - abd pain w nausea, anemia, mouth sores, allergic dermatitis, irritability, emotionally withdrawn, protruberant abd, thin thigh muscles, flat buttocks |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| teenagers with short stature and alopecia: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| fatigue, anemia, change in bowel habits, low impact fracture |
|
Definition
| adult presentation - celiac |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tissue transglutaminase antibodies |
|
|
Term
| 30-40% of caucasian population with about 1/2 reporting sx; flatulence, bloating, abd pain/discomfort, nausea, loose stools diarrhea, constipation, floating or oily stools |
|
Definition
|
|
