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Details

GI I Exam 2 Obesity and Weight Control-L19,21
Lacko - 6 points
9
Medical
Professional
01/20/2011

Additional Medical Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
List the reactants and products involved in triacylglycerol (TAG) synthesis.
Definition

TAG synthesis in liver and adipose tissue

exits liver as VLDL

 

DHAP(liver/adipocyte-NADH OBLIGATORY) or Glycerol(LIVER ONLY-ATP) = Glycerol-3-P + 2 Fatty acyl CoA's = Phosphatidic acid

(alt pathway can branch here to form phosphoglyceride)

 

Phosphatidic acid - Pi = Diacylglycerol + Fatty acyl CoA = TAG

 

Dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) - major biochemical role is in the glycolysis metabolic pathway (aka:glycerone phosphate in older texts)

Term
Describe basic hormone action on adipose formation and breakdown (aka adipose cycle).
Definition

Insulin stimulates TAG synthesis, while glucagon/stress hormones stimulate its breakdown

 

Fed state/high insulin

lipase phosphatase kills hormone-sensitive lipase anabolic state

 

Fasted state/high glucagon

PKA activates hormone sensitive lipase

catabolic state, lipolysis-adipose FA's into blood

Term
List the key enzymes involved in TAG synthesis.
Definition

Fatty acid synthase (liver)

MAKES fatty acyl-CoA

 

Glycerol kinase (liver)

glycerol to glycerol-3-P (NEEDS ATP-product forms TAG)

 

Lipoprotein lipase (adipose, muscle)

BREAKS fatty acids off of circulating VLDL

 

Phosphatidate phosphohydrolase

BREAKS off Pi - MAKES Diacylglycerol (product into TAG)

Term

Adipose tissue is an endocrine organ. Endocrine organs secrete stuff.

 

Tell me what secretions adipose tissue secretes and what does those secretions do?

Definition

Leptin

"Enough fat" signal, slows roll at hypothalamus

-leptin deficiency/resistance asscoiated with obesity

Adiponectin

modulates glucose metabolism and fatty acid catabolism - decreased in CHD patients

 

 

 

Fatty acids

Insulin resistant adipocytes secrete FA's in an unregulated fashion

 

AGE, PAI-1

coagulation factors

 

IL-6, TNFalpha, ASP, Resistin

cytokines: influence arteriole surface conditions, can result in irritation and subsequent atherosclerosis

Term
How can lipolysis lead to hyperglycemia?
Definition

Adipocytes: Up lipolysis = Up FFA mobilization

Muscle: Up FFA oxidation, resulting in less glucose utilization

Liver: Up FFA oxidation = Up gluconeogenesis

Net result: more circulating blood glucose/hyperglycemia

 

This mechanism is associated with insulin resistance diabetes pathology

Term
List typical pathological findings of four tissue types in patients with Type II 'beetes.
Definition

Adipose: increased nonesterified fatty acids (free FA's)

Muscle: decreased glucose disposal

Hepatic: increased gluconeogeneis and glucose output

Endothelial: dysfunctional - associated with arterial damage (TII diabetics have predisposition to CHD)

Term
What are three metabolic actions and potentially deleterious consequences of high levels of free fatty acids can have on the liver?
Definition

1. Up's glucose production (hyperglycemia)

2. Up's lipid synthesis (high TAG levels/fatty liver)

3. Up's secretion of prothrombotic proteins (clots, CHD exacerbation)

Term
What are the risk factors for CHD in a diabetic patient?
Definition

[image]

Also Up'd FFA and VLDL

Term
List five of the constellation of interrelated disorders associated with Metabolic Syndrome.
Definition

Abdominal obesity

 

Up'd TG's and low HDL-C (atherogenic dyslipidemia)

 

Up'd BP

 

Insulin resistance, With or W/o  glucose intolerance

 

Prothrombotic/proinflammatory markers

(Up'd CRP, fibrinogen, and other coagulation factors)

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