Term
|
Definition
>/=3 loose BM/day
abnormal increase in stool weight/liquidity |
|
|
Term
| acute diarrhea is less than __days |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 3 general etiologies for diarrhea: |
|
Definition
1. infection (most common)
2. drugs
3. food |
|
|
Term
| what are the most common sources of infectious diarrhea? |
|
Definition
1. Viral (50-70%)
2. Bacterial (15-20%)
3. protazoa (10-15%) |
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|
Term
| Pediatrics: most common cause of diarrhea: |
|
Definition
| rotovirus often accompanied by vomiting |
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|
Term
| in a study that followed <3yr olds with diarrhea what sx was associated with isolation of a bacterial pathogen? |
|
Definition
| vomiting was highly predictive of bacterial pahtogen while fever, abd pain, & blood/mucus in stool were not. |
|
|
Term
| common concern or geriatric diarrhea: |
|
Definition
| fecal impaction or obstructing neoplasm |
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|
Term
| characteristics of inflammatory diarrhea: 5 |
|
Definition
1. Fever
2. bloody
3. colonic tissue damage
4. smaller volume
5. fecal leukocytes |
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|
Term
| characteristics of non-inflammatory diarrhea: |
|
Definition
1. Watery, nonbloody
2. periumbilical cramps/bloating
3. N/V
4. small bowel involvement = Large volume of stool |
|
|
Term
| etiology of non-inflammatory diarrhea: |
|
Definition
1. viral enteritis
2. toxin producing bacteria
3. Giardia |
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|
Term
| describe osmotic diarrhea: |
|
Definition
| decreased absorption due to ingestion of poorly absorbed substrate or malabsorption leads to increased concentration of solutes in lumen drawing water into lumen & forming diarrhea.resolved with NPO |
|
|
Term
| common examples of poorly absorbed substrates: |
|
Definition
1. artificial sweeteners manitol/sorbitol
2. Mg+ compounds; epson salts MgSO4 & antacids MgOH2 |
|
|
Term
| describe lactose intolerance: |
|
Definition
| decrease or absence of lactase on brush border of duodenum prevents breakdown of lactose into monosaccharides. Presence of disaccharides in the lumen causes an osmotic diarrhea as well as xs gas produced from bacterial use of lactose. |
|
|
Term
| mechanism of secretory diarrhea: |
|
Definition
| fluid is released into the lumen by the secretory cells at the base of the villus in the small intestine, and resorbed by the villi before reaching the large intestine. Diarrhea occurs when the secretion exceeds absorption by the villi. |
|
|
Term
| how do bacterial toxins produce secretory diarrhea? |
|
Definition
| toxins acivate the secretory cells to release water into the lumen uncontrollably xs water cant be absorbed = diarrhea. can be fatal if not hydrated. |
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|
Term
| what is the difference btwn secretory and osmotic diarrheas: |
|
Definition
| secretory diarrhea will not resolve with a 2-3day fast like osmotic diarrhea will. |
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|
Term
| mucus in the stool is indicative of: |
|
Definition
| inflammatory/infectious diarrhea causing destruction of the mucosa |
|
|
Term
| which metabolic dz often presents with diarrhea? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| why do long distance runners sometimes have diarrhea? |
|
Definition
| blood flow during strenous exercise is directed away from the gut and into the MS sys causing ischemia. |
|
|
Term
| lactase deficiency os most common among which nationalities? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 7 meds that can cause diarrhea: |
|
Definition
1. Abx
2. Metformin
3. H2 antagonists
4. Proton pump inhibitors
5. Beta blockers
6. antacids
7. laxatives |
|
|
Term
| #1 cause of diarrhea in diabetics = |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Diarrhea 1-3 days duration = |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Diarrhea >3wks duration = |
|
Definition
| not likely infectious; lactose intolerance, caffine, meds, probably want to check for parasites |
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|
Term
| melanic stool is indicative of: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| pediactrics with green, soupy stools = |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| non-bloody mucus, intermittent diarrhea/constipation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| blood tinged mucus with no odor = |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| cramping, pale, greesy stools, fatigue, weight loss, chronic case = |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| sudden onset after meal = |
|
Definition
| toxin; S. aureus, ETEC, C. perfringes, B. cereus, V. parahemolyticus |
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|
Term
| origin of diearrhea if it is watery: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| origin of diarrhea if there is blood/mucus = |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ammonia or urinary breath odor suggests: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| diarrhea with tremor suggests: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| diarrhea with iritis/uveitis = |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| diarrhea with macroglossia = |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| IBD, bowel ischemia, bacterial infections, gi bleed |
|
|
Term
| 3 organisms that have +fecal leukocytes |
|
Definition
| salmonella, campy, yersinia |
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|
Term
|
Definition
1. Loperamide (imodium)
2. bismuth subsalicylate (pepto-bismol, kaopectate) |
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|
Term
| anti-diarrheals contraindicated if diarrhea contains |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| anti-diarrheals contraindicated if diarrhea contains |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 2 drugs that are anti-peristalsis agents what are the possible complcation with these medicines if used with infection? |
|
Definition
1. diphenoxylate
2. loperamide
diarrhea is bodies natural defense if you stop peristalsis then the infection becomes static wn the bowel and can cause toxic megacolon |
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|
Term
| 3 instances that Abx are indicated: |
|
Definition
1. >48hrs
2. 6 or more stool in 24hrs
3. fever, blood or pus in stools |
|
|
Term
| 2 alternative medications for diarrhea: |
|
Definition
1. probiotics BID x 5d
2. Zinc in children reduced the duration and severity of diarrhea but may increase vomiting |
|
|
Term
| 5 etiologies for pediatric chronic diarrhea: |
|
Definition
1. toddler's diarrhea
2. cow's milk sensitivity
3. celiac dz
4. infection
5. idiopathic |
|
|
Term
| 5 infectious causes that can be chronic: |
|
Definition
1. giardia
2. amebiasis
3. cyclospora
4. whipple's dz
5. intestinal capilariasis |
|
|
Term
| 5 GI dz that cause chronic diarrhea: |
|
Definition
1. lactose intolerance
2. IBS
3. IBD
4. ischemic colitis
5. malabsorption |
|
|
Term
| what is the duration of diarrhea for it to be chronic? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| pale, greasy, voluminous, foul smelling stools could be: |
|
Definition
1. lactose intolerance
2. celiac
3. chronic pancreatitis
4. bacterial overgrowth |
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Term
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Definition
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