Term
| in terms of BAO or MAO, how is achlorydia defined? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| chronic gastritis, pernicious anemia, bacterial overgrowth |
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Term
| gastrin > 150ng/L, ph<3 --> suspect? |
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Definition
| gastrinoma, DM, G cell hyperplasia, renal failure, small bowel resection |
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Term
| what test do you use to confirm atrophic gastritis? |
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Definition
| pepsinogen I/pepsinogen II ratio |
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Term
| what test do you use to confirm gastrinoma? |
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Definition
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Term
| what workup is used to detect H.pylori? |
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Definition
| UBT, CLO, biopsy with silver stain; serology used for screening only |
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Term
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Definition
| alcoholism, chronic liver disease, gastric cancer |
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Term
| serum urea nitrogen indicates? |
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Definition
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Term
| how do you get false positives or false negatives on FOBT? |
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Definition
| meat, fish, bananas, plums, horseradish, turnips, black grapes, and pears --> false +; vitamin C --> false negative |
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Term
| newborn has bloody stools; what test do you use and how is it analyzed? |
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Definition
| Apt test; pink -> fetal blood; yellow/brown -> maternal blood |
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Term
| what test can you use to find the source of the bleeding? |
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Definition
| nuclear bleeding scan: Tc-labeled RBCs |
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Term
| what workup do you do to diagnose celiac disease? |
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Definition
| anti-transglutaminase IgA is highly sensitive and specific for celiac disease; anti-gliadin and EMA are used for monitoring therapy; IgG antibodies are less sensitive than IgA but should be used if an IgA deficiency is suspected; gold standard: biopsy and look for villous blunting and crypt hyperplasia; also confirmed when gluten is removed from diet and pt recovers |
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Term
| positive hydrogen breath test --> dx? |
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Definition
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Term
| how do you determine a bile acid malabsorption? |
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Definition
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Term
| how do you determine a bile acid malabsorption? |
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Definition
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Term
| what test do you run for protein-losing enteropathy? |
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Definition
| measure clearance of Cr-albumin or alpha1-antitrypsin |
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Term
| D-xylose malabsorption --> dx? |
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Definition
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Term
| what test do you use to determine B12 malabsorption? |
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Definition
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Term
| stool osmotic gap >50, pH<5.6 --> dx? |
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Definition
| carbohydrate malabsorption |
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Term
| undigested meat fibers in stool --> suspect? |
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Definition
| intraluminal digestion, pancreatic insufficiency, bile duct obstruction, CF |
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Term
| green stool->? black? red? gray? pale and greasy? |
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Definition
| severe diarrhea; upper GI bleed; lower GI bleed; bile duct obstruction; fat malabsorption |
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Term
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Definition
| used to monitor colon cancer |
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Term
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Definition
| used to monitor colon cancer |
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Term
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Definition
| marker for colorectal and pancreatic cancer |
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Term
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Definition
| marker for GI and pancreatic cancers |
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Term
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Definition
| prognostic for colon cancer |
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Term
| 4 functions of lactoferrin |
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Definition
| binds LPS, binds unmethylated CpG DNA, is a ribonuclease, sequesters iron |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| binds to FXR, inducing NO production which is bacteriocidal |
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Definition
| distal unconjugated bile acids |
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Term
| HD1-4 is stored in ___; HD5 and 6 are produced by ___ |
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Definition
| neutrophilic granules; Paneth cells |
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Term
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Definition
| carpet-wormhole: inserts into lipid bilayer and disrupts membrane, causing lysis |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| induces beta-catenin pathway to induce epithelial cell migration; inhibits apoptosis by inhibiting PI3K |
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Term
| Yersinia inhibits its phagocytosis, while Salmonella and Shigella induce their phagocytosis by what secretion system? |
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Definition
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Term
| N. gonorrhea secretes IgA2 protease via what secretion system? |
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Definition
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Term
| V. cholera secretes its toxin via which secretion system? |
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Definition
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Term
| H. pylori secretes CagA via what secretion system? |
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Definition
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Term
| extracellular TLRs = ? ; intracellular TLRs = ? |
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Definition
| extracellular: TLR1, 2, 4, 5, 6; intracellular: TLR3, 7, 8, 9 |
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Term
| ligands for TLR3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9 |
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Definition
| 3=dsRNA, 4=LPS; 5=flagelin; 7 and 8=ssRNA; 9=CpG DNA |
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Term
| ligands for NOD1 and NOD2 |
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Definition
| NODs bind PAMPs of intracellular bacteria; NOD1->DAPA; NOD2->MDP |
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Term
| what signal pathway do DCs use to maintain tolerance? |
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Definition
| Wnt/beta-catenin pathway; Wnt ligands are abundant in the lamina propria |
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Term
| IL-1, -12, -23, IFN-g are Th1 or Th2 cytokines? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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