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GI Bugs
GI Bugs
25
Chemical Engineering
Undergraduate 3
05/15/2012

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Term
Vibro Cholerae
Definition
comma shaped, Gram negative
Water spread, non invasive
Diarrhea, rice water fishy stool
Term
Campylobacter Jejuni
Definition
Gram - comma shape with flagella

Travels diarrhea- food, milk, water
Diarrhea that may progress to dysentery
Can lead to reactive arthritis, GB,
Term
Shigella
Definition
Gram negative bacilli
Fecal oral, food, water
Common cause of bloody diarrhea
Induce apoptosis of macrophages

Self limited, possible bloody diarrhea, fever and pain

X- diarrheal meds because it prolongs symptoms
HUS and Reiters
Term
Salmonella
Definition
Gram - bacilli (Typhoid/nontyphoid)
Undercooked meat eggs and milk

Hepoxilin A3 activator, TLR4 activated due to LPS
Term
Salmonella typhi
Definition
Typhoid fever/Enteric Fever
ROSE SPOTS on chest and abs

Can cause gallstones and become a chronic carrier

M cells help spread in lymph

Macrophage nodules in the liver/BM/Lymph Nodes
Term
Yersinia enterocolitica
Definition
Invade m cells,
uses iron capture to grow (makes invasion more effective)
Tender lymph nodes, Reiter's myocarditis, thyroditis, etc
Term
E.Coli Enterotoxigenic
Definition
gram negative bacilli
TRAVELERS DIARRHEA #1
LT Toxin: stimulates camp
ST toxin stimulates cGMP

Secretory non inflammatory diarrhea
Term
E. Coli enterohemorrhagic
Definition
Gram negative bacilli, inadequate beef cooking

Shiga like toxin---> similar to s.dysenteriae symptoms
Term
E.coli enteroinvasive
Definition
gram negative bacilli, no toxin produced

Acute self limited colitis
Term
E. coli enteroaggregative
Definition
gram negative bacilli
uses adherence fimbriae with dispersin
Nonbloody diarrhea prolonged in aids patients
Term
Clostridium difficile
Definition
Pseudomembranous colitis
Due to antibiotic use- especially cephlosporins
Volcano eruption of exudates
Term
Tropheryma whippelii
Definition
Whipple disease Gram + bicilli actinomycete

Can effect brain, heart, joints, lungs
Invades macrophages and accumulate in lamina propria and lymph nodes causing lymphatic blockage
Term
Norovirus
Definition
single stranded RNA
High population areas, self limited
Term
Rotavirus
Definition
Encapsulated virus
Most common cause of childhood diarrhea

Destroys enterocytes in SI and gets replaced by immature enterocytes

VACCINE AVAILABLE
Term
Adenovirus
Definition
Affects immunocompromised people and #2 for infant diarrhea

Non specific villous atrophy and crypt hyperplasia
Term
Ascaris Lumbricoides
Definition
nematode, fecal oral spread

EGGS IN STOOL

Can lead to hepatic abcesses and pneumonitis
Term
Stronglyoides
Definition
migrate thru the lungs then mature into worms in intestines

Hatch and release eggs which lead to autoinfection for life
Term
Necator Duodenale
Ancylostoma duodenale
Definition
hook worms, sin to lungs to intestines
suck blood leading to hemorrhage and anemia

Eggs in fecal smears
Term
Enterobius Vermicularis
Definition
pinworm, MIGRATE TO ANUS AT NIGHT and can be trapped by tape

fingernails can be contaminated for transmission
Term
Trichuris Trichura
Definition
whip worm, usually assomptomatic but if heavy can lead to bloody diarrhea and rectal prolapse
Term
Schistomiasis
Definition
Adult worms live in the mesenteric veins
eggs penetrate mucosa leading to granulomas---> bleeding and obstruction
Term
taenia solum (pork) Diphylobothrium latum (fish)
Definition
tape worms, steal nutrients from host
eggs in feces
No peripheral eosinophilla since it does not invade
Term
Entamoeba histolytica
Definition
cysts colonize epitheium of colon and release trophozoites

Bloody diarrhea develops

Flask Shaped ulcer, liver abcesses thru splanchnic vessel penetration, can also spread to kidney and brain
Term
Giardia lamblia
Definition
most common pathogen in humans spread by feces in water or food

Immunoflurecent cysts in stool
campers and unfiltered water

Cysts resistant to chlorine
Term
Cryptosporidium
Definition
Invade epithelium, leads to sodium malabsorbed, cl secretion, watery diarrhea

Diagnoisis by OOCYSTS in stool
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