Term
| different types of research questions |
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Definition
- descriptive/exploratory- what is going on/what exists
- relational- investigate the relationship between two or more variables
- causal- determine whether one predictor variable causes or effects one or more outcomes
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Term
| quantitative vs. qualitative questions |
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Definition
- quantitative
- deductive logic- start with theory, than hypothesis, observe and confirm
- reconstructive logic- highly organized systematic way of doing research
- qualitative
- logic in practice- research conducted with fewer rules
- inductive reasoning- start with observation, notice a pattern, test the hypothesis, then work to a theory
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Term
| most important step in research protocol development |
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Definition
| choosing a research question |
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Term
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Definition
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Relates the reasonable and expected contributions of the study to broad social, economic, or health concerns
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In this way, the ultimate objectives contribute to the justification of why research on the problem is required.
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often involve:
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Direct and guide the research study
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Indicate the major independent and dependent variables of interest to the study
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Suggest the types of data that need to be collected
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Suggest the type of study design needed
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Suggest the types of analysis that need to be conducted
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Term
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Definition
| a concept with multiple measurable possibilities or attributes |
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Term
| characteristics of causal hypothesis |
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Definition
Has at least two variables
Expresses a causal or cause-effect relationship between the variables
Can be expressed as a prediction or an expected future outcome
Logically linked to a research question and a theory
Is falsifiable (aka A can never proove B) |
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Term
| purpose of causal hypothesis |
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Definition
•Serve to direct and guide the research.
•They indicate the major independent
and dependent variables of interest.
• They suggest the type of data that must be collected
•They suggest the type of analysis that
must be conducted in order to measure
the relationship among the variables. |
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Term
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Definition
| A statement of a causal relationship between an independent and dependent variable that has yet to be empirically tested |
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Term
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Definition
| Making a causal relationship by setting up a definition, thereby making the hypothesis logically true. |
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Term
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Definition
A hypothesis that cannot be tested because it is either temporally out of order or because it is a vague or general force that cannot be empirically measured.
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Term
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Definition
| An error in explanation caused by using the results from data collected on a large scale unit of analysis as evidence for a phenomena or causal relationship among smaller units. |
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Term
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Definition
| An error in explanation is which empirical data about associations found among one unit of analysis is greatly over-generalized and treated as evidence for statements about larger, potentially unrelated units of analysis. |
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Term
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Definition
| An apparent causal relationship that is illusionary due to the effect of an unseen of initially hidden causal factor. If the unseen factor has a causal impact on both an independent and dependent variable it produces a false impression of a relationship. |
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Term
| steps in developing a hypothesis |
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Definition
—Identify independent and dependent variables
—Determine the direction of the relationship you want to test
—Look beyond the variables into their variations |
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