Shared Flashcard Set

Details

GH Frameworks- Global Disease
Infectious Diseases (T Pierce)
18
Health Care
Graduate
09/25/2010

Additional Health Care Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
define control and give example of disease where this is the goal
Definition
  • decrease disease incidence and prevalence
  • continued efforts required
  • ex: malaria
Term
define elimination of disease and give example of disease where this is goal
Definition
  • zero disease incidence in defined geographic area
  • continued efforts required
  • onchocerciasis
Term
elimination of infection and example of disease that firts this
Definition
  • zero incidence of a specific agent in a specific geographic area
  • continued efforts required
  • ex: polio
Term
eradication and example of disease
Definition
  • zero incidence worldwide
  • continued efforts not required
  • ex: small pox
Term
extinction
Definition
  • zero indicence
  • not in wild or in laboratory
  • continuous efforts not required
Term
Relationship between SES and full immunization rates
Definition
  • rates increase as SES increase
  • this hold true regardless of what region of the world you live in
Term
describe the public health burden of AIDS
Definition
  • overwhelming health systems in hardest hit nations
  • losing thousands of trained medical staff
  • fueling major TB epidemics
  • tx costs for 1 AIDS patient ($300 per year) far exceeds per capita health expenditure; most families cannot pay
  • AIDS tx has the potential to drain resources from other illnesses
Term
challenges in managin HIV
Definition
  • infrastructure- physical and human
  • technical capacity of local partners
  • community engagement
  • costs to governments
  • stigma
  • integration of prevention, tx, and care (include VCT)
  • going to scale
  • case managements of HIV/AIDS
Term
Worldwide prevalance of TB? Prognosis without tx? Effect on productivity?
Definition
  • 1/3 of world infected
  • without tx:
    • 1/3 die (1 death every 15 seconds)
    • 1/3 self cure
    • 1/3 remain infectious
  • lose 3-4 months of work and 30% of annual income
Term
Rates of TB in SE Asia and India?
Definition
  • SEvAsia- 40% of all TB
  • India- 1/3 of global TB burden
Term
Distinguish between TB infection ad TB disease
Definition
  • infection- organism present but dormant (can't infect others)
  • disease (active TB)- person is sick and can transmit disease to others if in lungs
Term
Compare lifetime risk of TB infection w/o HIV? Annual TB infection risk w/HIV
Definition
  • lifetime risk w/o HIV- 10%
  • annual risk w/HIV- 10%
Term
What is causing the resurgence of malaria?
Definition
  • ecological change
  • population growth
  • marginal and fragile health systems
  • breakdown of health systems/control
  • political upheaval
  • population movement
  • relaxing of control capacity and political will after eradication effort successes
  • marginal populations

It is a disease of poverty and a cause of poverty

Term
economic costs of malaria? benefit of tx?
Definition
  • one health year of life is gained for every $1-$8 spent on effectively treating malaria cases
  • economic costs
    • loss time at work
    • hampers economic development
    • lose productivity and earnings
Term
malaria disease burden
Definition
  • most cases are in Africa
  • most deaths are in africa children
  • 5th ranked in ID deaths

most morbidity and mortality can be prevented with tools currently available

Term
children and malaria: symptoms and burden
Definition
  • 20% of childhood deaths in africa
  • affects: anemia, LBW, failure to thrive, neurological problems
  • 500,000 kids develop cerebral malaria
    • symptoms
      • fever
      • vomitting
      • headache
      • convulsions
      • coma
      • death in 24 hours
Term
major issues and challenges for malaria
Definition
  • infrastructure and health systems
  • accurate dx and tx, surveillance
  • applying combination therapies
  • drug adherance, quality
  • private sector delivery and regulation
  • cost and financing
Term
define and characterize neglected tropical diseases
Definition
  • extended family of largely parasitic diseases characterized by:
    • low motility but high morbidity and disability
    • disproportionately effect the poorest
    • are not currently vaccine preventable
    • often have very low cost drugs that can effectively treat them
    • often can be controlled by low cost environmental measures
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