Not just from skeletal changes

fwd head/kyphosis

decreased flexibility

Intervertebral disc more fibrous

↓ thickness of articular cartilage

Hypertrophy of spinal ligaments

Loss of vertebral bone volume

↑ with age

affects driving, eating, respiratory

Start at 40

affect respiratory, reaching, endurance/strength, upright activity and standing

Associated w/ falls risk

Can be cause of LBP

affect upright activity and standing

Occurs as a result of acitivity skeleton should normally withstand

fall from stand, coughing/sneezing, bed mobility

Tragus-Wall measurement

Flexicurve

Inclinometer

WBing endurance: 3-5x/wk resist: 2-3x/wk, mod-high intensity for 30-60mins

Stomping

Jumping (5-8x BW)

Inadequate rockers

inadequate hip ext - trailing limb and foot clearance, step and stride length

↓ speed

↓ step/stride length

↑ DLS

↑ variablity

↓ excursion of hip, knee, ankle

6th Vital sign

generally <1.2m/s will have poorer prognosis

> 1.0 green, 0.6-1 yellow, <0.6 red

0.67 m/s - <2 METS - self-care

0.89 m/s - 2.5 METS - household activities

1.11 m/s - 3 METS - carry groceries; light yard work

1.33 m/s - 3.5 METS - Climb several flights of stairs

hardest items are tandem walking, backward walking, and EC walking

20ft, 12in path, 6in markings outside path

/30pts, higher=better, based on speed, path, and deviations and AD use

Fall cutoff =22/30, MDC = 4.2pts, MCID = 8pts vestibular

6 - max score if using device

1 - max score if require assist +2

4 - max score if touch gait belt