Term
| ACSM Guidelines: Moderate intensity activities |
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Definition
> 30-60 mins/day
150-300 mins/wk (if can't get 150, as long as possible)
Intensity: 5-6
> 30, > 10 min bouts
Avoid excessive ortho stress (example: aquatic) |
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Term
| ACSM Guidelines: Vigorous intensity activities |
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Definition
20-30 mins/day
75-150 mins/wk
Intensity: 7-8
> 20 mins
Avoid excessive ortho stress |
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Term
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Definition
15 and 10 point scale
Also want to monitor HR, BP, RR, Pulsox
Beta-blockers keep HR low, so more accurate to determine exertion |
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Term
| Outcome measures for aerobic capacity/endurance |
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Definition
6MWT
2MWT
400m WT
2min/3min step test |
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Term
| ACSM Guidelines: Resistance exercise |
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Definition
> days/wk
between moderate (5-6) and vigorous (7-8)
PRE 8-10 ex major mm groups
8-12 reps |
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Term
| ACSM Guidelines: Flexibility exercises |
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Definition
> 2 days/wk
moderate (5-6)
sustained stretches for each major mm group |
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Term
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Definition
1 pt every time starting foot hits step
march in place
heigth of step = midpoint of illiac crest and patella
Norms for women age 60-94 are between 107 - 44
Norms for men age 60-90 are between 115 - 52 |
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Term
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Definition
community dwelling men 71-79: 13.2s, > 80: 15s
community dwelling women 71-79: 14.4s, > 80: 16.1s |
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Term
| ACSM Guidelines: Balance exercise |
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Definition
No specific recommendations
SLS, tandem, EC |
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Term
| Outcome measures for balance |
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Definition
| TUG, gait speed, narrow corridor walk, tandem walk, DGI, functional reach, BBS, Tinetti, Rhomberg, ABC scale, Falls efficacy scale |
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Term
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Definition
< 10s = freely mobile
> 20s = may need AD
>30s = dependence
community dwelling - should be < 12s |
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Term
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Definition
| Muscle strengthening/balance precede aerobic in frail people |
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Term
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Definition
2/3 75+
50% 65-74
42% 45-64 |
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Term
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Definition
Shrinkage of cerebral cortex and hippocampus
increased size of sulci and ventricles
Other areas affected: posterior parietal, inferior and medial temporal, amygdala, entorhinal, anterior nucleus of thalamus, substantia innominata of Meynert
Spared areas: brainstem, cerebellum, spinal cord, primary sensory and motor areas |
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Term
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Definition
rare autosomal dominant
affects amyloid metabolism - mutations in precursor protein and presenilin genes
early age onset |
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Term
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Definition
most common
unknown cause - relationship between aging, genetics, and environmental risk factors |
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Term
| Declarative/Explicit Learning |
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Definition
supports the learning and retention of facts and the recollection of prior events; requires awareness, attention, and reflection
tested using recall/recognition from prior episode, example: patient repeating all steps of w/c --> bed
Not used for cognitively impaired
Acquisition of info accompanied by awareness of learned info |
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Term
| Procedural/Implicit learning |
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Definition
Supports acquisition and retention of skilled performance
Tested using tasks in which memory is expressed by changes in performance as result of prior experience
Nonassociative: habituation & sensitization
Associateive: classical & operant
Procedural
Acquisition of info w/o awareness of learned info |
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Term
| Explicit Learning: brain structures |
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Definition
| Medial temporal area - hippocampus and diencephalic nuclei |
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Term
| Impicit learning: brain structures |
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Definition
| Sensorimotor, prefrontal, basal ganglia, cerebellar |
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Term
| Memory loss and motor learning |
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Definition
Not a direct relationship between ability to learn new declarative info and ability to learn new motor skills
ability to learn motor skills retained even with profound declarative memory loss |
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Term
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Definition
| decrease in responsiveness - repeated exposure to a nonpainful stimulus |
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Term
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Definition
| Increased responsiveness - threatening or noxious stimulus |
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Term
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Definition
| weak stimulus produces response when associated with another strong stimulus |
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Term
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Definition
rewarded - repeated
averse - not repeated
trial and error |
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Term
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Definition
Control degrees of freedom
Novice, Advanced, Expert |
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Term
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Definition
Simplified mvmt to reduce DOF
constraining, coupling, fixing angles of joints at cost of efficiency & flexibility |
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Term
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Definition
Begin to release additional DOF
joints controlled indep
more adaptable |
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Term
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Definition
Released all DOF
optimize efficiency of mvmt |
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Term
| Fitts & Posner 3 Stage Model |
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Definition
Cognitive/declarative, intermediate/association, autonomous/procedural
Level of performance proficiency will vary w/ task & environmental demands |
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Term
| Cognitive/Declarative stage |
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Definition
Basic task learned
Highest level of attention req'd |
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Term
| Intermediate/Association Stage |
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Definition
Procedures of task become more fluent
Still a bit of attention req'd |
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Term
| Autonomous/Procedural stage |
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Definition
procedures more automatic, performed rapidly & w/ greater immunity to disruption from outside events
little - no attention req'd |
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Term
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Definition
Novice -----------> skilled
explicit goes from high to low
implicit goes from low to high |
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Term
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Definition
Age
Vascular
Family hx in 1st degree relative of late onset >75
Family hx of younger onset 65-75
Family histor and ApoE4+
Biomarker + (PET amyloid positive scan)
Autosomal dominant carrier |
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Term
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Definition
Age
Education
Gender
SBP
BMI
Total cholesterol level
Level of physical activity |
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