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Definition
| Study of modern geomorphic processes gives us a better understanding of ancient processes |
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Definition
| action produced as a result of a force of change |
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Definition
| no energy or matter leaks out of system & none comes in. example - the Universe as a finite entity |
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Definition
energy may transfer into and out of the system, but not mass
the Earth as a whole is closed |
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Definition
matter and energy may flow into and out of the system freely
most geomorphic systems are open |
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Definition
balance between input and out
flow.... INPUT + OUTPUT |
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Definition
process-response balance between opposing forces such
that any change in any of the controlling variables (independent variables) will
necessitate a corresponding response in the dependent variables to maintain
overall system equilibrium |
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Definition
elements of the landscape rapidly
adjust form in response to changes in the processes operating on them
(1) continual change-response-adjustment
(2) short time-scale adjustments |
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Definition
(mass)(acceleration); expressed as a vector with magnitude and
direction |
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Definition
Application of energy in the context of performing work on
earth materials (e.g. hydraulic force + particles = erosion) |
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| Climate (what type of force?) |
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Definition
| Exogenic Force:average weather conditions at any place over a long period of time. |
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| What kind of forces does Climate control? |
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Definition
| rainfall/solar insolation of area, vegetative growth, style of weathering/erosion process,hydrologic processes (fluvial, glacial) solar insolation variable |
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| What are the four driving forces? |
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Definition
Climate, Gravity, Internal
Heat/Tectonics |
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Term
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Definition
F = mg = "weigth" where m = mass of object, g = acceleration
due to gravity 9.8 m/sec2 |
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| What is Internal Heat of the Earth (tectonic energy) supplied by |
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Definition
| radioactive decay with exothermic heat loss and frictional heat by earth tides and internal rock deformation |
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Definition
physical movement of rock material
as a heat transporting medium
A)hot, deeper mantle rises as it is of < density
b) cooler, shallower mantle sinks as it is of >
density |
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Definition
| readjustment period were process and form are out of equilibrium |
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Term
| Illustrate 3 types of equilibrium |
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Definition
| Steady equilibrium, Grated time (steady state) equilibrium, Cyclic (dynamic) Equilibrium |
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Term
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Definition
| Strength of Earth’s materials,Lithology, • Geologic Structure (large scale features caused by interaction of plates ie falts, joints, folds, blockuplift) |
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Term
| Endogenic processes, 2 types |
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Definition
| internal forces that are responsible for the formation of geomorphic surfaces 1.Volcanism and seismicity 2. Less dramatic effects: differences in continental and oceanic crust elevations, continent area virus its elevation |
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Term
| Endogenic processes, 2 types |
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Definition
| internal forces that are responsible for the formation of geomorphic surfaces 1.Volcanism and seismicity 2. Less dramatic effects: differences in continental and oceanic crust elevations, continent area virus its elevation |
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Term
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Definition
Process by which the crust is deformed
Orogenic: the formation of structural mountains. Typically formed by intense disruption of rock material due to folding, over thrusting, reverse and thrust faulting, normal faults ect.
Eperiogenic: Depression or uplift on a regional scale not involving internal disruption of original rock structure |
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Term
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Definition
Convergence: Two plates coming together and colliding. Subduction of oceanic plate under less dense continental plate.
Divergence: Two plates travel apart, molten rock injected adding new rock on edge of plate creating ridges. Mostly on ocean basin floor
Transform: results from plats sliding past one another |
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Definition
| the equilibrium of gravitational forces balanced by the thickness and density of earths crust ie-As denudation occurs isostacy rebound continues to uplift |
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Definition
o Developed first stream network diagram
o Marine fossils
o Stream erosion and landscape sculpture |
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Definition
o helped to establish the basis of modern geology
o Uniformitarianism: the assumption that the same natural laws and processes that operate in the universe now, have always operated in the universe in the past and apply everywhere in the universe. |
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Definition
| is an empirical relationship that relates the size of a stream to the valley it runs through. |
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o First scientist to prepose that the Earth was subject to previous ice ages
o Did lots of work on Glaciers and their effect on forming geology. |
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| o Book about geologic exploits |
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o Developed ideas about erosion
o 3 stages (lifetime of a river)
o Idea of Peneplain (last stage of fluvial erosion) |
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| dea that the processes of uplift and denudation occur simultaneously and at gradual continuous rates. |
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Definition
o Developed concept of graded streams: stream parameters equals erosion to deposition
o And concept of Equilibrium with respect to geomorphologic surfaces |
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Definition
o Dynamic equilibrium concept
o Quanitative analysis
o Fluvial geomorph
o Plate techtonics
o The environment |
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