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Definition
| a system of reasoning in an orderly fashion, which draws conclusions from specific premises |
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| a sentence in logic which declares that something is either true or false, but not both true and false at the same time |
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| symbolic form of a simple statement |
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Definition
| used for convenience, this is the conventional way to represent simple statements in logic. For example, instead of having to repeatedly write, a is a prime number, in an argument, we represent that entire statement as p |
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| a statement in logic which is made up of two or more simple statements joined by a conjunction or disjunction |
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| an operation in logic represented by the symbol ^ which joins two simple statements using the word "and". for example, the compound sentence "p and q" would be represented symbolically as "p^q". note that this is quite similar to the intersection symbol (upside down up U) in set notation, which means, "and, at the same time" |
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| an operation in logic, represented by the symbol "V" which joins two simple statements using the word "or". For example, the compound sentence "p or q" would be represented symbolically as "p V q". Note that this is quite similar to the intersection symbol (U)in set notation which means, "one, or the other, or both". |
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| a statement in logic, represented by the symbol ~, which changes the truth of a statement, using the formal expression "it is not the case that". For example, the sentence "it is not the case that p" would be represented symbolically as ~p. Note that this is quite similar to the dash in mathematics which means "the opposite of". |
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Term
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Definition
| a pictorial representation of the relationships between sets, within a Universal set. The Universal set is shown by a rectangle, and is represented by the letter U. All other sets are shown as circles within the rectangle. This type of graphic representation is often used in logic to show the relationships between various statements in logic. |
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