Term
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Definition
| extends from europe to asia-caused by the collisions of Africa & India w/ Europe & Asia. occurred during cenozoic. closed tetys seaway. |
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Term
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Definition
| the formation of mountains from tectonic activity |
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Term
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Definition
| caused by collision of Pacific plate and North America; formed Rocky Mtns. think Laramie, wyoming. |
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Term
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Definition
| Giant eruptions 2.1 mya, 1.3 mya, .64 mya. It erupts every 650,000 years; next eruption could happen within 10,000 years. could be largest eruption in recorded human history. would kill millions in USA and devastate ecosystems. |
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Term
| great basin and san andreas fault |
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Definition
| 25 mya north america overrode the east pacific rise; the tension created by this stretched the crust of north america and formed the |
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Term
| 3 living groups of mammals (originally 5), all first appear in cretaceous |
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Definition
Monotremes: lay eggs, no nipples, platypus/anteater.
Marsupials: poorly developed at birth, short gestation and long lactation, most abundant of cretaceous (born w reptilian jaw, quickly changes)
Eutherian/Placental
other two are Multituberculates and triconodontids |
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Term
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Definition
-warm blooded
-fur
-milk glands (may have evolved from sweat glands)
-can lay eggs/have live birth (not unique to mammals, live birth that is)
-evolved from synapsid reptiles during triassic, were called therapsids.
-dont know first mammal
-dominated by dino's during jurassic/cretaceous. mammals dominated since dinos gone. |
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Term
| recognizing fossil mammals |
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Definition
-reptiles have 3 bones in lower jaw while mammals have 1 (dentary, articular, quadrate)
-mammals have 2 sets of teeth during life.
-reptiles can't breath and chew at same time, mammals can. articular and quadrate bones act as hammer when eating. |
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Term
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Definition
well developed at birth, most abundant of cenozoic, long gestation and short lactation. fairly insectivorious (bats, shrews, moles).
early cenozoic: creodonts, condylarths, edentates, primates.
middle cenozoic: bats, cats, dogs, rodents, rabbits, rhinos, horses, pigs, camel, sheep, deer. giant pleistocene mammals extinct because of hunting. |
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Term
| timing of when stuff split from humans |
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Definition
old world monkeys: 33 MY
Gibbons: 22MY
Orangs: 16 MY
Gorillas: 8 MY
Chimps: 7 MY |
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Term
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Definition
humans-chimps: 1.2%
humans - gorillas: 1.4%
chimps - gorillas: 1.2%
humans - orangs: 2.2% |
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Term
| what differentiates hominids from apes? essentially asking, did big brains or bipedalism come first? |
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Definition
| BIPEDALISM allowed for large brain evolution by freeing hands for tool use. associated with climate change 5MYA. global cooling turned africa from a rainforest to a savannah. |
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Term
| just say some shit about primates i guess this unit is fucking stupid as fuck |
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Definition
suborders: prosimian/anthropoid
superfamily: hominoid (humans, chimps, gorillas)
baby apes are more helpless than newborn humans
prosimian: lemur
anthropoid: hominoid superfamily, old and new world monkeys |
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Term
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Definition
-evolutionary/genetic process
-slow development rates but grow as normal
-process that allowed us to develop into humans
consequences include bare skin, long life span, later puberty, walk later, helpless babies, external ear. |
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Term
| Ice ages in earth history |
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Definition
late ceonozoic: last 5my
pennsylvanian and permian: 300my
ordovician: 450my
Late proterozoic: 700 MY
Early Proterozoic: 2200 MY |
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Term
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Definition
whenever there are glaciers at one or both poles during earth history
10% today. if all modern ice melted, sea level would rise 200 ft to pre ice age levels. maximum glaciation levels were 400 ft lower than that. |
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Term
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Definition
| when glaciers are very extensive during an ice age |
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Term
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Definition
| when glaciers are less extensive during an ice age |
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Term
| cenozoic climatic history (this'll be fun) |
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Definition
paleocene and eocene: warm, tropical climate, no ice at poles
oligocene: ice starts to form on antarctica and the circum-antarctic current is formed.
miocene: glaciers on antarctica reach maximum size 5MYA. sea level falls 150 feet(Med. Sea dries up). deep oceans almost freeze, albedo still changing.
pliocene: first glaciers in Arctic; earth's albedo continues to change
pleistocene: maximum glaciation in northern hem. 20 cycles of interglacial stages, we are in one now. |
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Term
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Definition
| flows clockwise around Antarctica from westerly winds. formed asa the rest of the continents moved away from Anarctica. fundamental cause of cenozoic ice ages. |
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Term
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Definition
total reflectance of sunlight from earth
Ice: >90% reflectance
Land: 30-70% reflectance
Water: 20% |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| difference between anthropoid and hominid |
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Definition
| all hominoids lack a tail |
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Term
| Explain the correlation between global temperatures and CO2 patterns |
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Definition
They are correlated.
CO2 CURVE LACKS TEMPERATURE CURVE BY 800 YEARS
As atmosphere temperatures warm, not as much C02 is released into the air from the ocean. |
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Term
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Definition
Lucy
We know she walked similar to us because of bones and footprints. |
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Term
| 2 modern evolution theories |
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Definition
out of africa: all modern humans descended from a single population. racial differences have relatively recent origins.
multiregional: modern humans evolved from local populations of homo erectus at several different places and this accounts for racial differences. |
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Term
| most critical condition for glaciers forming |
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Definition
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