Term
| The line formed by the intersection of an inclined sedimentary layer and a horizontal plane is called the ______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What two measurements describe the orientation of a fault plane at a given location? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A diagram representing a vertical slice through the Earth's crust is called a _________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The angle at which a sedimentary bed is inclined from horizontal is called the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is a general pressure in all directions, such as the pressure that the atmosphere exerts? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following statements best describes the behavior of rocks during deformation? |
|
Definition
| Brittle materials deform by faulting, whereas ductile materials deform by folding. |
|
|
Term
| What type of fault is depicted in the cross section above? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of stress was the above environment exposed to? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which section of the above diagram is the hanging wall? |
|
Definition
| Everything to the right of the fault |
|
|
Term
| What types of forces dominate at convergent plate margins? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Reverse faults form in response to ______ forces. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following correctly links the tectonic force with the expected type of faulting? |
|
Definition
| shear = strike-slip faulting |
|
|
Term
| The surface that divides a fold into two symmetrical halves is called the __________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Upfolds, or arches, of layered rock are called ______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In a symmetrical syncline fold structure, the limbs of the fold dip |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The difference between a fault and a joint is that _________. |
|
Definition
| rocks on either side of a fault have moved, whereas rocks on either side of a joint have remained stationary |
|
|
Term
| A rift valley is _________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following forces is the most important in a rift valley? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The total amount of shortening in an overthrust may exceed several _________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The style of deformation that occurs at deep levels in the Earth's crust is referred to as |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The process by which surface water becomes groundwater is called __________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What powers the hydrologic cycle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The largest freshwater reservoir in the hydrologic cycle is __________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| About what percentage of water on Earth is fresh water? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Layers that transmit groundwater are called ______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Permeability is the __________. |
|
Definition
| ability of a solid to allow fluids to pass through |
|
|
Term
| In the unsaturated zone, pore spaces in the soil and rock contain ______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If the amount of discharge in an aquifer exceeds the amount of recharge, the groundwater table ______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following materials has the lowest porosity? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The groundwater table lies at the |
|
Definition
| top of the saturated zone. |
|
|
Term
| Adjacent to a pumping well, the water table is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is not caused by overpumping groundwater? |
|
Definition
| raising of the land surface |
|
|
Term
| What is the driving force for groundwater flow? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sinkholes are a possible danger in regions underlain by what type of bedrock? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Groundwater supplies can be contaminated by ___________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| As the velocity of a stream current increases, __________________ . |
|
Definition
| more of the bed material is in motion |
|
|
Term
| Oxbow lakes are associated with which of the following types of rivers? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| For a given river, which of the following floods would have the largest discharge? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The topographic rise between two streams is called a _________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the probability of a 50-year flood occurring next year along the Skykomish River in Washington State? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The study of the layers in sedimentary rock is known as _________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The study of faunal succession allows _________. |
|
Definition
| rocks to be correlated from different outcrops |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a gap in the geologic record |
|
|
Term
Units A, B, C, D, E, and F are sedimentary rocks. Unit G is granite.
The horizontal line labeled X-X' is a(n) ______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following units is the oldest? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following events happened most recently? |
|
Definition
| tilting of units C, D, E, and F |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following statements is true? |
|
Definition
| Erosion took place prior to deposition of unit B. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| between the deposition of B and C |
|
|
Term
| What is the relative timing between faulting and intrusion of the granite? |
|
Definition
| The relative timing between faulting and intrusion of the granite cannot be determined from the information provided. |
|
|
Term
| The absolute age of a geologic event in the rock record is __________. |
|
Definition
| the number of years that has elapsed between the event and the present day |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is the smallest division of geologic time? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following sequences is written correctly from oldest to youngest? |
|
Definition
| Paleozoic, Mesozoic, Cenozoic |
|
|
Term
| How old are the oldest zircon minerals on Earth? |
|
Definition
| approximately 4.4 billion years old |
|
|
Term
| A rock formed with 1000 atoms of a radioactive parent element, but contains only 250 radioactive parent atoms today. If the half-life for the radioactive element is one million years, how old is the rock? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Radiometric dating is possible if a rock contains a measurable amount of ___________. |
|
Definition
| both daughter and parent atoms |
|
|
Term
| What scientific avenue of investigation gave scientists the best estimate of the absolute age of the Earth? |
|
Definition
| radiometric or isotopic dating |
|
|
Term
| Almost nine-tenths of Earth history occurs during the _________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If the Earth's history were compressed into a single calendar year, human beings would first have appeared on |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Complete the following sentence. Two different isotopes of the same element share the same __________ but have a different _____________ from one another. |
|
Definition
| atomic number, mass number |
|
|
Term
| In which type of rocks are fossils most commonly found? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following parts of a beach is the farthest inland? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is not a shoreline depositional landform? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The sand budget of a beach is related to ________. |
|
Definition
| the amount of sand that is both deposited and eroded |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The best way to preserve natural beach environments is to ___________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following terms describes the region of breaking waves near the shoreline? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The muddy or sandy areas that are exposed during low tide but are flooded at high tide are called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The height of an ocean wave increases as ______. |
|
Definition
| the wind blows for longer times |
|
|
Term
| The zigzag motion that carries sand grains along a beach is known as ________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A rip current is a strong flow of water moving _______. |
|
Definition
| perpendicular to the shore |
|
|
