Term
| According to the movie "Myster of the Megavolcano," what was the primary factor that initiated the "mini" ice age after the mega eruption? |
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Definition
| The enormous amount of SO2 emitted from the volcano formed sulfuric acid in the atmosphere. |
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Term
| Which one of the following would probably make the "best" tombstone, most resistant to weathering? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why do magmas rise toward Earth's surface. |
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Definition
| Magmas are mainly liquid and contain dissoved fluids such as water; most are less dense than the adjacent solid rock. |
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Term
| __________ has the same mineral compositon as andesite. |
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Definition
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Term
| From the land surface downward to the unweathered bedrock, which of the following is the correct order of the different soil horizons? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which term best describes an accumulation of angular rock fragments at the base of a steep, bedrock slope or cliff? |
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Definition
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Term
| The average compostion of rocks comprising a large composite cone or stratovolcano is similar to a (an)___________ magma? |
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Definition
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Term
| Under sumilar warm, moist climatic conditions, why would basalt and gabbro generally have higher chemical weathering rates than rhyolite and granite? |
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Definition
| The ferromagnesian minerals in the gabbro and basalt are very unstable under surface conditions and are subject to oxidation and chemical breakdown. |
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Term
| Which one of the following best characterizes the volcanic activity on the "big island" of Hawaii? |
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Definition
| Most of the volcanic activity consists of very fluid (low viscosity)basaltic lava flows. |
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Term
| Which one of the following best describes the dominant minerals in a gabbro? |
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Definition
| Ca-rich plagioclase, pyroxene, and olivine. |
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Term
| What minerals are most likely to melt first when heating (raising the temperature)? |
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Definition
| Those at the bottom of Bowen's Reaction series. |
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Term
| Which one of the following statements is TRUE? |
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Definition
| Refer to Question 12 of Geology Test 2 101 Summer 2008. |
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Term
| ________ often contain gem-quality crystals of minerals such as beryl and tourmaline and high concentrations of relatively rare elements such as lithium, boron, and beryllium? |
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Definition
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Term
| What volcanic events formed Crater Lack? |
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Definition
| Caldera collapse followed major eruptions of a strato or composite volcano. |
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Term
| What two factors speed up rates of chemical reation and weathering in rocks and soils. |
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Definition
| warm temperatures; very moist. |
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Term
| A __________ texture would be most unlikely to occur in an extrusive igneous rock. |
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Definition
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Term
| Lava flows are typically finer grained than intrusive igneous rocks. Why? |
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Definition
| The extrusive magma cools quickly so the mineral grains do not have time to grow. |
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Term
| Consider the Bowen's reaction series. Which mineral would you expect to see as a phenocryst in a porphyritic basalt? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which one of the following best describes the dominant minerals in a granite? |
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Definition
| Na-rich plagioclase, K-feldspar (orthoclase), and quartz. |
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Term
| Carbonic acid (H2CO3), which is a very important weathering agent, forms predominantly by |
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Definition
| water reacting with carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. |
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Term
| Which one of the following best describes the dominant minerals in an andesite? |
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Definition
| Intermediate plagioclase (Na and Ca about equal), amphibole, and pyroxene. |
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Term
| Which one of the following statements concerning mechanical weathering is not true? |
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Definition
| involves a major change in the mineral composition of the weathered material. |
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Term
| Assume that water filling a crack in a rock undergoes cycles of freezing and melting. Which of the following statements is true? |
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Definition
| Refer to Question 23 of Geology Test 2 101 Summer 2008. |
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Term
| Pockets of magmas can be formed by the melting of deep continetal crust heated by the intrusion of other magmas. Which of the following correctly describes this process. |
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Definition
| Intrusion of basaltic magma causes deep crustal rocks to melt, producing andesitic or rhyolitic magmas. |
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Term
| Which one of the following statements is false. |
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Definition
| Peridotite is an extrusive ultramafic rock with a very high melting temperature. |
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Term
| Which one of the following best describes the very rough surface texture that often develops on basaltic lava that has travelled a great distance and colled somewhat? |
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Definition
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Term
| The recent (geologically) volcanic activity in Yellowstone National Park is __________. |
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Definition
| related to intraplate, hot spot volcanism |
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Term
| Which one of the following statements is False? |
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Definition
| Generally, rhyolitic magmas are extruded at higher temperatures than basaltic magmas. |
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Term
| Which one of the following best characterizes the volcanic activity on a volcano like Mt. Pinatubo or Mt. St. Helens. |
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Definition
| Has both lavas (mostly andesites) and pyroclastic debris (cinders and ash) |
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Term
| How many of the following represent weathering? |
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Definition
| Refer to Question 30 of Geology Test 2 101 Summer 2008. |
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Term
| Which one of the following statements is false? |
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Definition
| basaltic magmas are generally more viscous than rhyolitic magmas |
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Term
| What do pumice and obsidian have in common |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following best describes Shiprock, a famous volcanic feature in New Mexico |
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Definition
| the eroded remains of a volcanic pipe and radiating dikes |
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Term
| Which of the following igneous rocks exhibit aphanitic texture |
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Definition
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Term
| which one of the following statements best describes "MakeMake," mentioned recently in lecture |
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Definition
| the name of a dwarf planet in the Kuiper belt in the outer part of the solar system, past Neptune |
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Term
| Which of the following best describes the hydrolysis of potassium feldspar (orthoclase in the weathering environment |
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Definition
| acid attacks the feldspar releasing aqueous K+and silica and forming clay minerals |
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Term
| Which one of the following holds the most promise for predicting volcanic eruptions |
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Definition
| the number of long, periodic, harmonic tremors observed by sensitive seismographs |
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Term
| According to the movie "Mystery of the Megavolcano" what is believed to be Earth's largest megavolcano |
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Definition
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Term
| Which one of the following statements is FALSE |
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Definition
| basalts are produced by partial melting of andesite or diorite. |
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Term
| How many of the following statements are true. |
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Definition
| Refer to Question 40 of Geology Test 2 101 Summer 2008. |
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Term
| Which one of the following best represents the relative mineral stability in the weathering environment, most stable on the right, least stable on the left. |
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Definition
| pyroxene, biotite, potassium feldspar, quartz |
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Term
| For a weak acid, the chemical equilibrium constant (K) for the breakdown of theacid to its aqueous species is |
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Definition
| a very small number like 0.00001 |
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Term
| Which one of the following best describes volcanism in the Cascade Range, northwestern United States? |
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Definition
| related to plate subduction |
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Term
| ________tend to increase the explosive potential of a magma body beneath a vocano |
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Definition
| high viscosity and high dissolved gas content |
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Term
| Which one of thefollowing staements is false |
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Definition
| partial melting of a granite could produce an andesite |
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Term
| Which one of the following best describes the formation of granite domes like Enchanted Rock and Half Dome |
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Definition
| unloading during erosion of overlying rocks cause exfoliation fractures to form like layers of an onion |
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Term
| According to the movie "mystery of the Megavolcano" what was the first piece of evidence discovered for something very unusual happening about 75,000 years ago |
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Definition
| ice cores from Greenland indicated that a very large amount of H2SO4 was in the atmoshpere at that time |
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Term
| Which line on the pressure temperature graph represents a very low geothermal gradient |
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Definition
| Refer to the diagram on Question 48 of Geology Test 2 101 Summer 2008. |
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Term
| Which line on the pressure temperature graph represents the adiabatic rise of a "wet" or water-saturated magma that forms an intrusive rock deep in the earth |
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Definition
| Refer to the diagram on Question 49 of Geology Test 2 101 Summer 2008. |
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Term
| If line 5 represents the adiabatic rise of solid mantle material (peridotite), and line 6 represents the dry solidus of peridotite what would happen when the peridotite following 5 intersects line 6 |
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Definition
| Refer to the diagram on Question 50 of Geology Test 2 101 Summer 2008. |
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Term
| Which one of the following statements best describes "graphene" a word you were assigned to look up |
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Definition
| the name given to a single sheet of varbon atoms bound together with double electron |
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Term
| For a strong acid, the chemical equilibrium constant (K) for an equation representing the breakdown of the acid to its aqueous species is |
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Definition
| a very large number appraoching infinity |
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