Term
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Definition
| New England storms that occur when a low pressure system sits off Cape Cod |
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Term
| What is the Saffir-Simpson Scale? And what are the categories? |
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Definition
| The scale for Hurricanes, 1 being the least intense and 5 being the most |
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Term
| During a tsunamis where do you want your ship to be? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Smoother, longer wavelength forms |
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Term
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Definition
| Shores that are retreating landward due to erosion |
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Term
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Definition
| Shores that are advancing seaward due to deposition |
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Term
When is erosion slides faster:
More or less joints and fractures? |
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Definition
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Term
When is erosion and slide faster?
More or no bedding or layering |
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Definition
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Term
When is erosion and slides faster?
A lot or little chemical weathering |
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Definition
| Lot of chemical weathering |
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Term
When is erosion and slides faster?
No quartz or much quartz present |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of rocks are the hardest to erode? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Periods of Warm offshore waters generally occuring every 5 to 7 years around Christmas. Trade Winds stop heading westward and flow eastward and northward can reach Alaska |
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Term
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Definition
| consists of course gravels deposited high on a beach by storm waves |
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Term
| What does an Active dune consist of? |
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Definition
| Areas of open sand to areas covered with sparse to dense growth of beach grass |
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Term
| What are the 4 types of dunes? |
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Definition
1 - Active Dune
2 - Conditionally Stable Dune
3 - Younger Stabilized Dune
4 - Older Stabilized Dune |
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Term
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Definition
| A strip of land that connects an island to the mainland |
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Term
| What are barrier beaches? |
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Definition
| Formed when littoral drift carries sand beyond the end of a beach and deposits it into a bay or other coastal water body |
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Term
| What are the 4 main types of shore armoring? |
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Definition
1 - Seawall
2 - Rip Rap
3 - Jetties
4 - Groins |
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Term
| What are the 3 issues with shore armoring? |
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Definition
1 - Waves reflected by these erode sand in front
2 - Refraction of waves around armoring accelerates erosion of neighboring shoreline
3 - The protected areas behind sea walls are often important sources of sand for other beaches |
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Term
| What is beach renourishmen? |
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Definition
| When sand is trucked in or pumped on shore by dredging |
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Term
| What are the 3 types of rocks |
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Definition
1 - Igneus
2 - Sedimentary
3 - Metamorphic |
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Term
| How are igneus rocks formed? |
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Definition
| By the solidification (crystallization) of minerals from cooling, magmas and lavas |
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Term
| How are Sedimentary rocks formed? |
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Definition
2 ways -
1 - Compaction, and drying of rock frafments derived from weathering and erosion of pre-existing rocks
2 - From the chemical or biological precipitation of minerals from aqueous solutions (usually sea water) |
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Term
| How are Metamorphic rocks formed? |
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Definition
| By the application of heat, pressure, and fluids to any pre-existing rock but without the onset of melting |
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Term
| What are Intrusive Igneus Bodies? |
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Definition
| Igneus rocks that form from magma cooled underground |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| When magma intrudes into pre-existing or newly-formed fractures that cut across structures |
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Term
| To be a dike the sheet must be what? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| TO cut across the surrounding structures |
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Term
| Dikes average to be about how thick |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| When magma intrudes parallel to surrounding structures |
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Term
| Are sills concordant or discordant? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are extrusive igneus bodies? |
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Definition
| Formed by lava erupted onto the surface of the earth |
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Term
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Definition
| Textural term for rocks in which mineral grains are too small to be visible |
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Term
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Definition
| Texture of rock that is large enough to be seen |
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Term
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Definition
| Refers to the lighter silicate minerals in rocks |
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Term
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Definition
| Refers to the darker minerals in rocks |
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Term
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Definition
| Shows the total abundance of mafic minerals expressed as a percentage (by volume) |
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Term
| What is the Color Index range of felsic rocks? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the Color Index of Intermediate Rocks? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the Color Index of Mafic Rocks |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the Color Index of ultramafic rocks? |
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Definition
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Term
| 4 main characteristic of Sedimentary rocks |
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Definition
1 - Deposited in horizontal layers
2 - May contain fossils
3 - Are hardened by the process of lithification
4 - Tend to be weaker, more porous, and more permeable |
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Term
| What are Clastic sedimentary rocks? |
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Definition
| Formed by lithification of sediments derived from the weathering and erosion of other earth materials |
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Term
| What are nonClastic sedimentary rocks? |
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Definition
| Formed by lithification of sediments deposited by chemical and/or biological precipitation of minerals |
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Term
| What is the most common nonclastic mineral and rock? |
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Definition
| Calcite (CaCO3) and Limestone |
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Term
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Definition
| Sedimentary rocks that are derived by the precipitation of minerals from shallow, evaporating bodies in arid climates |
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Term
| Metamorphism occurs in what 3 ways? |
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Definition
1 - Regional metamorphism
2 - Burial metamorphism
3 - Contact metamorphism |
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Term
| Are regional metamorphic rocks foliated or not? |
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Definition
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Term
| Are contact and burial metamorphic rocks foliated or not? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the relative strengths btw. igneus, sedimentary, and metamorphic |
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Definition
| Strongest - Igneus, then metamorphic then sedimentary |
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Term
| What are the 4 main soil genres? |
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Definition
1- gravels
2 - sands
3 - silt
4 - Clay |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Measure of ease of movement of fluids through |
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Term
| What are the 3 major divisions of the Unified Soil Classification |
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Definition
1 - Coarse-grained
2 - Fine-grained
3 - Highly organic soils |
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Term
| What is the x-axis and y-axis on the Plasticity chart? |
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Definition
x-axis = Liquid Limit
y-axis = Plasticity index |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Negative, pulling object in opposite directions |
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Term
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Definition
| Squeezing the object in on itself |
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Term
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Definition
| Pulling object in 2 different directions |
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Term
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Definition
| More erosion happens at either end of the Sea Wall |
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Term
| Who coined the term End Effect? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the x-axis and y-axis for the Stress-Strain Diagram? |
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Definition
y-axis: Q1 - Q3 (differential stress)
x-axis: % strain |
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Term
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Definition
| Mixed btw. visible and non-visible crystals |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| All one size and well sorted |
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Term
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Definition
Mixture of all sizes and poorly sorted
Tends to be stronger when compacted |
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Term
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Definition
| Component of wave that runs parallel to the shore |
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Term
| Between Silt, Gravel, , and Clay, what is the order for engineering purposes |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the Letter abbreviations for Silt? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Larger wave but not breaking |
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Term
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Definition
| Larger wave but not breaking |
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