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Geology Lab Exam 2
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23
Geology
Undergraduate 1
10/06/2013

Additional Geology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
CHERT
Definition

Fine grained, composed of quartz, called flint

 

Forms when microcrystals of quartz grow within soft sediments

Term
SHALE
Definition

Silt and clay sized particles, fine powder, quartz, mica, clay material

 

Forms in low energy environments where water or wind is enough to allow particles to accumulate

Term
SANDSTONE
Definition

Sand sized particles, quartz and felds

 

Moderate energy environment where wind or water sweeps away materials

Term
CONGOMERATE
Definition

Sedimentary rock that contains large sedimentary clasts

 

Must have a strong water current to transport large particles

Term
BRECCIA
Definition

Clastic sedimentary rock composed of large angular fragments, spaces filled with mineral cement

 

Forms where broken angular fragments of rock or mineral debris accumulate

Term
LIMESTONE 1
Definition

Made of calcite, reacts with HCl, fossils are common, biochemical rock

 

Precipitates chemically or biochemically from water

Term
LIMESTONE 2
Definition

Reacts with HCl, coquina shells

 

Precipitates chemically or biochemically from water

Term
IGNITE COAL
Definition

Flaky, dull, organic sedimentary rock, compressed peat, lowest rank of coal, most volatile, recognizable plants

 

Forms from accumulation and preservation of plant material

Term
BITUMINOUS COAL
Definition

Organic sedimentary rock, compressed peat, highest rank of coal

 

Formed from plant materials, low in oxygen, becomes bituminous when a lower grade coal is subject to organic metamorphism

Term
SLATE
Definition

Shale

 

regional metamorphism

 

low thermal metamorphism

 

smooth, cleavage breaks, slightly shiny, gray black or red, mountains

Term
PHYLLITE
Definition

Shale

 

regional

 

low

 

lustrous, fine grained mica, clay crystals, mountains

 

 

Term
SCHIST
Definition

Shale

 

regional

 

medium

 

large mica crystals all going in the same direction, can be seen with the naked eye, mountains

Term
GNEISS
Definition

Shale

 

regional

 

high

 

banding and alternating layers of light and dark materials, white or pink bands, mountains

Term
QUARTZITE
Definition

Sandstone

 

contact/ regional

 

sandy texture, thermal body

Term
MARBLE
Definition

Limestone

 

contact/ regional

 

will fizz with acid, thermal body

Term
ANTHRACITE
Definition

Bituminous coal

 

contact/ regional

 

low grade metamorphism of bituminous coal

 

high luster and semi conchadal fracture, thermal body

Term
RHYOLITE
Definition

Igneous

 

felsic

 

light color

 

fine texture

 

volcanic, rapids cooling at surface

Term
GRANITE
Definition

Igneous

 

felsic

 

light color

 

coarse texture

 

plutonic, cools slowly, underground

Term
BASALT
Definition

Igneous

 

mafic

 

dark color

 

fine texture

 

volcanic, cools rapidly near earth's surface

Term
GABRO
Definition

Igneous

 

mafic

 

dark color

 

coarse texture

 

plutonic, cools slowly

Term
PORPHYRY
Definition

Igneous

 

felsic

 

light color

 

mixed texture

 

plutonic, slow cooling at depth, 2 cooling stages

Term
OBSIDIAN
Definition

Igneous

 

felsic

 

dark

 

iron oxides

 

amophous

 

volcanic, rapid cooling at surface

Term
PUMICE
Definition

Igneous

 

felsic

 

light color

 

amorphous texture

 

volcanic, rapid cooling at surface

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