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Geology I Review Questions
Study Guide
34
Geology
8th Grade
02/14/2006

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Term
What are seismic waves?
Definition
Vibrations in the Earth caused by Earthquakes.
Term
Give examples of direct and indirect observations.
Definition
Direct Examples: Taking samples, Cave Exploration, Drilling

Indirect: Seismic waves, Vibrations in earth caused by earthquakes.
Term
How thick is the continental crust?
Definition
35kilometers, or 35,ooo meters.
Term
How thick it the oceanic crust?
Definition
7 kilometers or 7,000 meters.
Term
What are lithospheric plates?
Definition
Pieces of crust.
Term
Who was Andrija Mohorovicic?
Definition
He discovered the moho (the layer between the crust and the mantle).
Term
Where is the Moho layer?
Definition
Between the mantle and the crust.
Term
What is the Moho layer?
Definition
The transitional layer between the mantle and crust. 30 kms thick.
Term
Which elements make up the earths crust?
Definition
Silicon, oxygen, Aluminum, and Iron.
Term
Which elements make up the Earths Mantle?
Definition
Silicon, oxygen, and aluminum.
Term
How thick is earths mantle?
Definition
2,900km or 2,900,000 meters.
Term
What is Plasticity?
Definition
The ability to flow.
Term
What is the temperature at the top of the mantle?
Definition
870*C
Term
What is the temperature at the bottom of the mantle?
Definition
2,200*C
Term
What are convection currents?
Definition
When heat rises and cold sinks.
Term
Why are convection currents important?
Definition
They are what moves the tectonic plates.
Term
How thick is the outer core?
Definition
2,200 kms.
Term
What is the temperature of the outer core?
Definition
5000* C
Term
Which layer of the Earth is a liquid?
Definition
Mantle
Term
How thick is the inner core?
Definition
1270km thick
Term
What is the inner core composed of?
Definition
Nickel (NI) and Iron (FE)
Term
Why isn't the inner core a liquid?
Definition
The pressure of all the other rocks and stuff on top of it.
Term
Who propsed the theory of Continental Drift
Definition
Alfred Wegener
Term
Descibe the evidence that Wegener had to support his theory?
Definition
The rocks that were similar and the animals and the puzzle.
Term
Why wasn't Wegener theory accepted widely at the time?
Definition
He didn't know what force could move the plates.
Term
How is the modern Plate Techtonics Therory different than Wegener's?
Definition
we now know that convections currents
Term
How is the modern Plate Techtonics Therory different than Wegener's?
Definition
we now know that convections currents
Term
What is the Asthenosphere?
Definition
The upper part of the mantle that the plates float on.
Term
What are mid-ocean ridges?
Definition
a Mountian chain under the ocean along the edge of a plate usually.
Term
What are mid-ocean ridges?
Definition
a Mountian chain under the ocean along the edge of a plate usually.
Term
What is the Pangea?
Definition
The super continent 300 million years ago
Term
How long ago did the Pangea break up?
Definition
225 million years ago
Term
What were Lurasia and Gondwanaland
Definition
2 continents that were first made when Pangea split up.
Term
How do scientist locate the edges of the plates?
Definition
They record Earth quakes and volcanoes and then connect the dots.
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