Term
|
Definition
| Old plate near the Pacific plate. Area where 8.2 earthquake occurred. Area of thrust faults |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
55-250myr
The breakup of pangea |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| several microcontinents were colliding with Asia and western N.A. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Indian Ocean began to rift |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| India separated from Africa to Australia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| South america split from Africa |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Australia and Antarctica separated |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Antarctica and South America separated |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Normal faults = divergence. Atlantic ocean started forming. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pg. 388; Mostly land (regression); trench forming on west coast; little volcanoes on west from subduction zone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| normal faults trapped sediment: grabens-two low parts in a fault; pg. 389; |
|
|
Term
| Connecticut Valley Triassic Ex |
|
Definition
| the sediment that filled in the low points of the fault eventually become faulted too. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| remanent of Pangea breakup; basaltic cliffs; original place where Atlantic started to open up. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| garbens from breakup of Pangea; Many dinosaur tracks found. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Shallow marine oceans in middle of NA, lots of low lands being eroded, Appalachians and Rocky Mts. present |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| becomes Mediterranean Sea |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| occurred in Pangea; some became oceans some stayed in land (where dino tracks are); think normal faults |
|
|
Term
| Passive areas of Mesozoic |
|
Definition
| Pg 392-393; east coast and GOM |
|
|
Term
| Mesozoic: Gulf of Mexico Salt Diapirs |
|
Definition
| pressing on the salt will push it up in tall columns; diapirs occur in a passive environment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| region becoming tectonic; accretionary wedge forming; Volcanism; suspect terranes |
|
|
Term
| Accretion of suspect terranes |
|
Definition
| rocks from all over joined North California |
|
|
Term
| Western Cenozoic Orogenies |
|
Definition
| Sonoma, Nevadan, Sevier, Laramide |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| first; began end of Paleozoic; volcanic arc |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Late Jurassic and early cretaceous; first phase of Cordilleran mountain building pg 392; many modern Rocky mountains structures formed from this; tight folds; found in Nevada; lots of volcanism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| late cretaceous(~80my); peak time of mountain building; shortened crust by 60 miles! |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pg. 397; end Cretaceous; final phase; arches and basins, plunging anticlines |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| seaway from Canada to GOM (shallow, warm, lots of life).. big transgression; good for marine reptiles and dinosaurs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sundance sea; cretaceous basin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| formed when Sundance Sea regressed; left behind vast swampy flatlands; fossils of more than 70 dinos species have been found; Jurassic; Dinosaur Graveyard |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Jurassic; Well sorted/not well rounded (not marine); 90% quartz; similar to present day Namibian desert |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| represents Cretaceous transgression-chalks found everywhere; submerged 1/3 of craton; following this there was a eustatic regression that continues to this day |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| not coral; Jurassic; warm environment; carbonate stuff lives there; in Niobrara areas |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| diving birds; Niobrara; can swim out to middle of ocean and get food |
|
|
Term
| Materials found on west coast of N.A. |
|
Definition
| Sandstones, shales, coals, mudstones; shallow to deep |
|
|
Term
| Things to see on West coast |
|
Definition
Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument (Utah):
1. Chocolate Cliffs
2. Vermillion Cliffs
3. White Cliffs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| swampy environment; flooding everywhere; |
|
|
Term
| Cretaceous chalk in Europe |
|
Definition
| coccoliths that use to be under water |
|
|
Term
| Chunnel and the Cretaceous |
|
Definition
| pg. 411; went in the easiest rock layer to dig into (chalk) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fossils- pre-membrane animals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Deccan traps(stairsteps); moved to Asia during this time |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| =eustatic seas; everything will flood |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Earthquake in Alaska. 9.2 on Rictor scale. Happened on Good Friday |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Hasn't had a large earthquake in many years. Pressure is heating up; had a 5.4 the other day. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Were actually covered in feathers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
largest extinction ever
-seas were dominated by an abundance of mollusks, sea urchins, crustaceans, and reptiles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Large extinction. flowering plants evolved |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
"Age of dinosaurs"
flying reptiles and birds
mammals living in underbrush |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
No ice at all!
Warm poles
high sea level
Greenhouse world in mid Cretaceous
Volcanoes produced CO2 |
|
|
Term
| Deep ocean circulation (Mes) |
|
Definition
less vigorous; led to the preservation of organic Carbon in sediments by reducing the rate of O2.
-lots of pyrite on ocean floor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
No more crinoid meadows
-mollusks began to rapidly evolve and fill these niches.
Brachiopods died out (shells crushed, no oxygen)
Echinoderms changed and became armored
Rugose and tabulates (corals) extinct
-Scleractinian corals are what we see now |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
"Age of Ammonoids"
Great index fossils |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Nautititic (first to evolve and still here)
-Goniatitic
-Ceratitic
-Ammonitic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| look like rugose corals, but are not. These are mollusks that have adapted to the same environment as rugose corals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pg 424; hard part inside animal that gives counter-balance; rest of animal is soft and looks like a squid |
|
|
Term
| Mes: Planktic microfossils |
|
Definition
| most important change in oceans |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An order of mostly marine, unicellular protozoans that secrete tests (shells) that are usually composed of calcium carbonate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| evolved largely in mes. made of same stuff as fingernails |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Huge radiation of fish. Early Mesozoic-seas were dominated by primitive fish related to the sturgeon(caviar)
-Teleost fish were there |
|
|
Term
| Mes: Most common swimming animal |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| survived permian extinction; evolved into frogs, newts, amphibeans |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| resemble earthworms; supported by 200 vertebrae; many teeth; many to no limbs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| began to replace the synapsid- amphibian fauna; |
|
|
Term
| Mid Tri: Basal Archosaurs |
|
Definition
| Diapsid reptiles; walked on hind legs; first bipedal |
|
|
Term
| Mid Tri: Two groups from BA |
|
Definition
| Lepidosaurs and archosaurs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| all modern lizards and snakes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
earliest true of these were small bipedal animals.
-fully upright posture
-hind limbs didn't sprawl to the sides anymore, but were in a straight line like mammals
-hinge of ankle between 1st and 2nd row of ankle bone |
|
|
Term
| How long was the earth dominated by dinos? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bird hipped dinos. included a variety of herbivores, including the duckbills and all the armored dinos. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
lizard hipped dinosaurs. all giant sauropods and carnivorous dinos. retained primitive hip structure
-split in two groups |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sauropodomorphs and Theropods; different pelvic structures and skull structures |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| large quadroped herbivores |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bipedal carnivores- earliest dinos (some may be warm blooded |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| had reptile like structure, but more vascular (holes) to allow blood to flow more |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| teeth curved and serrated; 45 feet long and 4 tons; 3000lbs of bite force; rapid head movement-fast scanning; large, stereoscopic eyes; good sense of smell; hunted in packs/scavenged prey |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
47ft; 8 tons; 8" serrated teeth; 95mya; Argentina
-larger than t-rex |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
55ft; 8 tons; crocodile like jaws; 100mya; Argentina, Morocco, Algeria
-Many are thought to have had feathers! |
|
|
Term
| Feathers and reptile skin |
|
Definition
| exactly the same make-up just different representation |
|
|
Term
| Saurischian Sauropodomorphs two groups |
|
Definition
| Prosauropods and Sauropods |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| quadrupeds with front legs shorter than rear legs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
largest animals on earth EVER
-Tails never dragged(found feet marks but no tail drag); could be used for strenght |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Herbivores; two types (ornithopods, stegosaurs) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bipedal, evolved first; traveled in herds |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| duckbill dinos. skulls could conduct sound that was heard farther from where it actually was. Type of Ornithschians |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Type of Ornithschians. could transmit sound through skull |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| type of Orn. spiny tails could detect when it needed to protect itself and move because of ganglion neurons |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| plated like a giant armadillo. Type of Ornithschians |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| type of Orn. like a huge early rhino herbivore thing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sails, head ornamentation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bakker, stance, bone density, predator to prey ratio |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Is it ectodermic or endothermic?
Warm blooded animals need a lot more food than cold blooded animals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| some hunted in packs, migrated together and nested together |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Discovered some dinos were social |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| eggs oriented away from center so mom can sit in center and not crush them |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Pg. 444; Dominated skies for 100myrs. Ranged in size 1 foot to 40 feet.
-Pterosaurs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| some had 4 wings, back wings maybe for stability. NOT DINOS |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pg. 451; NOT DINOS. found as early as Triassic; short legged, short necked nothosaurs-caught fish in nearshore waters. Evolved into plesiosaurs. Placodonts had much heavier bodies (extinct in Jurassic) |
|
|
Term
| Most common aquatic reptile |
|
Definition
| Ichthyosaurs- "fish lizard"; had live births and large eyes (predators) |
|
|
Term
| Extinction of plesiosaurs and ichthyosaurs |
|
Definition
| end of mesozoic, but other species lived on (giant marine turtles and the mosasaur) |
|
|
Term
| Marine reptile extinctions |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pg 449; evolved from small therapods; feathers are similar composition as reptile skin; hollow bones; keeled breastbones |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| had claws and teeth; no keeled breastbone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| first bird fossil found with feathers. |
|
|
Term
| Mammals in Cretaceous-brain size and evolution path |
|
Definition
| lived in the underbrush; descended form the synapsids and therapsids in late Triassic; were small but possessed larger brains proportionate to body size |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| archaic egg laying mammals of Late Triassic and Jurassic are now extinct--only platypus and spiny anteater may be related to them. |
|
|
Term
| Cretaceous mammals-body size |
|
Definition
| small (living in underbrush); few species were larger than a domestic cat |
|
|
Term
| Cretaceous mammals- two groups |
|
Definition
| Placentals and marsupials |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| differentiation of teeth, two ear bones (reptiles have one), whisker pits-evidence that animal was covered in fur (could live in different climates), jaw articulation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| "Age of Cycads"; Gymnosperm were dominant (cycads, ginkgos and conifers) NO FLOWERS. Plants were wind pollinated |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
flowering plants evolved (angiosperms)
-had advantages over gymnosperms: flowers attract insects to pollinate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| co-evolved with insects to be pollinated; double fertilization, a seed in formed plus a nutritious kernel (attract animals); regenerate more quickly |
|
|
Term
| Plants at the end of the Paleozoic |
|
Definition
| did not undergo a mass extinction during this time like everything else. |
|
|
Term
| End of Mesozoic Extinction |
|
Definition
| pg 459; earth hit by a bolloid in GOM; most marine reptiles, all flying reptiles, and dinosaurs were gone |
|
|
Term
| Cretaceous/Tertiary Boundary |
|
Definition
image
Mammals: predominantly marsupials to predominantly placentals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cosmic metal in space; low numbers in regular atmosphere; At K/T boundary there is a layer of this mainly (thickest/closest to impact point) in NA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tiny dust size things near iridium-from collision |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| show that there was a collision. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hit in GOM at a 45 degree angle that splashed everything onto the deep south of NA and northern Mexico |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| gravity anomaly show where the crater was located |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Half of present sea floor was formed since end of the Cretaceous
Atlantic and Indian rifting and increased |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
erosion dominant
passive margins
carbonate sediments accumulated along FL |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Best record of Cen strata in N/A/
8 transgression/regressions have been recorded in the sediment layers
Transgressions as far north as Illinois |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
at the end of teh Cretaceous
Continued into the Middle Eocene (70-40mya)
produced intermontane basins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
formed large freshwater lakes in the middle Eocene (Green River Formation)
In some places limestone formed
amazing fossil preservation
oil shales (Claron formation) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| organic rish fine grained sedimentary rock that contains high amounts of Kerogen (a solid mix of organic compounds), from which hydrocarbons and oil can be produced |
|
|
Term
| Cen: Late Eocene & Oligocene |
|
Definition
Volcanic activity increased all along the Cordillera
Yellowstone formed
Grand tetons began to rise |
|
|
Term
| Cen: Oligocene & early Miocene |
|
Definition
Ancestral cascades erupted vast amounts of green ash
Volcanism occurred in central Idaho, Nevada, Utah and Colorado and Wyoming about 40mya
Relative decrease in SL |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Pacific Plate touched the N.A. plate for the first time
When this happened the San Andreas Fault began (transform fault)
Changed the geometry of the Cordillera |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Amazing fossil preservation
(Florisant, Colorado) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Basin and Range province begins to form
Crust of Nevada is now stretched to twice its Miocene length!
Another phenomenon: The Columbia River Plateau Basalts (hotspot in the mantle)
Until 23mya South America and Antarctica were connected via the Antarctic peninsula (They began to separate here) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in the miocene the Farallon plate began to separate into two micro plates and offset by transform faults |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
region was a broad arch
in Miocene, the arch began to subside between normal faults
Lava extruded
Evaporites formed in grabens |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Late Miocene and Pliocene
affected the "4Corners" area
Entire area was uplifted in one block about 1 mile in relief (Colorado Plateau)
Oil migrated out of the organic rich Miocene shale and flowed into all the faults and folds in CA, where it accumulated and formed CA oil fields |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Volcanic origin
Miocene
Similar to Deccan Traps in India
Generated lavas of Cascade Range |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
started in Cretaceous
Notice the bend in the chain (in Oligocene)
Represents a change in plate direction and coincides with the Pacific Plate hitting N.A. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| still separating from Europe in the Paleocene |
|
|
Term
| Cen: Alpine-Himalayan belt |
|
Definition
| began to form; end of Tethys Sea |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| rifting began in Oligocene and continues to this day |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Pleistocene: ~1/3 of the Earth was covered by ice (at the LGM)
Entire world was affected, but the tropics experience the least amount of change
Also, IRD |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cen: Northern Hemisphere Glaciation |
|
Definition
Pg. 492; Siberia ice free because no water source
Greenland covered in ice |
|
|
Term
| Cen: North American Ice Centers |
|
Definition
Labrador
Keewatin
Cordilleran |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The crust was weighed down my ~3000m of ice, as the ice melted the land began to isostatically rebound |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Glaciation effected drainage patterns and produced many lakes: finger lakes and Great lakes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| moving 5 feet a year towards the other lake. Won't be here in 11,000 years |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| huge postglacial lake; 4X the size of Lake Superior; formed temporarily on the Canadian Plains (on eastern side of US) |
|
|
Term
| Cen: Other effects of Isostasy |
|
Definition
Scabland developed
Lake Bonneville and Lake Lahontan
Lots of loess |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| west of US; located right at boundary of ice; Lake Missoula flooded and formed these |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an anticline, so lates formed on one side or the other. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Ash layers (instantaneous events) show how N.A. has been moving |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Sea level dropped up to m
Mammoth teeth 25,000 yrs old have been found in waters 120m deep and 130km off the Atlantic coast
Dead coral reefs indicate sea levels were much lower during this time |
|
|
Term
| Cen: Climate-Planktic foraminifera |
|
Definition
change their coiling direction depending on the temperature of the water
-Neogloboqudrina pachyderma |
|
|
Term
| Planktic Foraminifera to remember |
|
Definition
Globorotalia truncatulinoides
Globorotalia menardii |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cen: changes in Sea Level |
|
Definition
| major drops in SL occurred at least 4x with teh greatest change occurring ~40kyr |
|
|
Term
| Cen: 4 major glacial advances |
|
Definition
Wisconsin
Illinoisan
Kansan
Nebraskan |
|
|
Term
| Milankovitch: Eccentricity |
|
Definition
| every 100,000 yrs the shape of the orbit changes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Every 41,000 yrs the seasonality changes (one hemisphere gets more sun radiation than the other) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Every 23,000 yrs axis of the earth wobbles differently and the earth never makes it around the sun in exactly 365 days so the location of the earth is causing the seasons to change on the different dates. |
|
|
Term
| Order of the breakup of Pangea |
|
Definition
| Central Atlantic, Southwestern Indian Ocean, South Atlantic, Central Indian Ocean, NA from Europe, Australia from Antarctica, India from Madagascar and eventually collided with Eurasia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Sonoma
Nevadan
Sevier
Laramide |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Dino graveyard; flood env. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In mesozoic; not a lot of turnover; food level different at base |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Ammonitic sutures
Belemnites
Microfossils |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| squid/cuttlefish; extinct now; internal hard parts shaped like a cone; mollusks, predators |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| evolving since paleozoic (ray-finned fish in mes) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| evolved from ray-finned fish; |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| evolved from amphibians; Basal archosaurs (amph to almost mammals), Lepidosaurs, true archosaurs |
|
|
Term
Saurischians v. Ornithischians
Hips?
Head shape? |
|
Definition
| Saurischians = evolved to birds |
|
|
Term
| Bone density v. blood temperature |
|
Definition
| cold blooded = dense bones |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Not dinosaurs! Pterosaurs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Nothosaurs-
Ichthyosaurs- fish-lizzard |
|
|
Term
Birds mes
Flying dinos with wings?
Evolution? |
|
Definition
Archaeopteryx- between a bird and a dino
Flying dinosaurs, therapods |
|
|
Term
Mammals mes
Type of birthing
Criteria
History |
|
Definition
Placentals and marsupials
teeth differentiated; 3 ear bones; whisker pits; skull articulation |
|
|
Term
Plants mes
Change of flowering |
|
Definition
| Now angiosperms! They flower and release pollen |
|
|
Term
Extinction- Mes
Name
Chemical proof
Location of bolloid |
|
Definition
K/T- cretaceous tertiary
Iridium, shocked quartz, micropsherules
Asteroid went to Mexico GOM (water splashed up onto NA) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Oligocene
San Andres?
Hawaii? |
|
Definition
San Andres born (Pacific plate it NA plate)
Hawaiian islands (due to the change of direction of Pacific plate) |
|
|
Term
Miocene
Nevada
Colorado
Mountains that formed |
|
Definition
Nevada stretched- because San Andres moving
Colorado uplift- helped form the Grand Canyon
Cascades (volcanic) and Sierra Nevada (batholith- igneous (granite)) |
|
|
Term
Farallon Plate and Drake Passage (Miocene)
Evolution of both |
|
Definition
Farallon plate is going away and will eventually cease to exist
Drake passage: South of SA; Circumpolar Current (CPC) |
|
|
Term
Alpine-Himalayan belt
Formation |
|
Definition
| Pg. 489; Africa pushing up towards Europe, all the mountains are same age and Mediterranean sea is shrinking in size |
|
|
Term
Miocene Tectonic Climate
Panama affecting Gulf stream |
|
Definition
| Isthmus of Panama: Central Am. closed from ocean caused the warm Gulf stream |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| LGM- Last Glacial Maximum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Melt ice and ground slowly bounces back to original shape |
|
|
Term
| Pleist. Great Lakes and Finger Lakes |
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Definition
| from the last ice age; use to be rivers (Niagara Falls (moving back towards previous lake and will be gone in thousands of years) and Missoula) |
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Term
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Definition
| formed when Missoula released (ice melted and water flooded out) |
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Term
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Definition
| sea level low due to large amounts of ice |
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Term
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Definition
Pachys- polar/subpolar
Trunks- change shape based on salinity
Menardii- in tropical environments (warm) |
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Term
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Definition
last four ice advances in Pleist
Wisconsin (most recent), Illinoian, Kansas, Nebraskan (oldest) |
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Term
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Definition
| from changes in sea level |
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Term
| Extinction (end of Cen.) causes |
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Definition
| Change of climate and humans |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Mediterranean dried out; man could walk across it! |
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Term
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Definition
| ocean currents- in Icebox oceans; cold and nutrients deep circles around shallow |
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Term
Cen. Vertebrates
Largest predators?
Migration of flightless birds |
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Definition
| Pg. 517; Gastornis, a large, ground-dwelling, predatory bird. Stood 6ft tall and had a huge, powerful beak |
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Term
Cen. Mammals
Evolution w/climate change (horse story)
Monotremes? pg 519 |
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Definition
| Horses went from small body size, short skulls, small cranial capacity, and low-crowned teeth to larger animals with fewer toes, longer skulls, larger brains, and complexly ridged high-crowned teeth for rendering grasses more digestible |
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Term
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Definition
Promsimian
Anthropoidea- evolved into people |
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Term
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Definition
| Aegyptopithecus zuexis (in Egypt) |
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Term
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Definition
| Sahelanthropus tchadensis |
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Term
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Definition
rudulfensis, habilis, erectus(migrated out of Africa, moved north to Asia then east to europe and had tools), sapiens
florensiensis- Island effect |
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Term
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Definition
| Bering Land Bridge- ice melted and people walked over to NA |
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Term
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Definition
| Got very warm; sea level went up |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| 1540-1890; Temperatures about 1.5 degrees Celsius cooler than today. |
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Term
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Definition
| TONS OF HUMANS!! 9 billion by 2050!? |
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