Term
Which of the following mineral groups is the most common in earth?
A. Sulphides
B. Silicates
C. Pure Elements
D. Carbonates
E. Oxides |
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Definition
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Term
What is the most common mineral in Earth's crust?
A. Quartz
B. Calcite
C. Pyroxene
D. Clay
E. Feldspar |
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Definition
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Term
What is the most common element in the crust?
A. Oxygen
B. Silicon
C. Aluminum.
D. Carbon |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following is the most iron-rich silicate?
A. Pyrite
B. Olivine
C. Feldspar
D. Calcite
E. Magnetite
F. Quartz |
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Definition
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Term
In which geologic setting is granite most likely to be created?
A. Transform plate boundary
B. Middle of a continental plate
C. middle of an oceanic plate
D. Spreading center
E. Subduction zone |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following conditions would favor ductile deformation rather than brittle deformation?
A. High Pressure and high temperature
B. High pressure and low temperature
C. Low pressure and low temperature
D. Low pressure and high temperature |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following does NOT increase the risk of mass movement?
A. Heavy rain
B. an earthquake
C. active tectonic uplift
D. a steep slope
E. a tall slope |
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Definition
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Term
Which soil layer is known as the zone of leaching?
A. Layer A
B. Layer B
C. Layer C |
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Definition
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Term
Which soil layer is known for organics, low solubility minerals (quartz, clay) and is black on top and white below?
A. Layer A
B. Layer B
C. Layer C |
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Definition
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Term
Which soil layer is rich in Fe, Al oxides; usually clay; sometimes soluble minerals (calcite, salts) and is rust colored?
A. Layer A
B. Layer B
C. Layer C |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following is easiest to chemically weather?
A. Quartz
B. Olivine
C. Feldspar
D. Mica
E. Clay |
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Definition
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Term
An end product of hydrolysis is:
A. Feldspar
B. Carbon Dioxide
C. Clay Mineral
D. Olivine
E. Oxygen |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following is NOT true about a pedalfer soil?
A. the "B" horizon is rust-red colored
B. soluble minerals have accumulated in the "B" horizon
C. the soil is fertile - good for plant growth
D. the "A" horizon is rich in organic material
E. the "A" horizon is black
F. iron and aluminum have accumulated in the "B" horizon |
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Definition
| soluble minerals have accumulated in the "B" horizon |
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Term
Which type of soil forms in dry climates with little leaching, where minerals are re-accumulated, is white from calcite and salts, and has thin, poor fertility?
A. Pedocal soil
B. Pedalfer soil
C. Laterite soil |
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Definition
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Term
What type of soil is found in moist climates with moderate leaching, is fertile and black red and brown, and no longer has soluble minerals?
A. Pedocal soil
B. Pedalfer soil
C. Laterite soil |
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Definition
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Term
Which layer of soil forms in very wet climates with strong leaching and thick soil, is red from Fe and Al oxides, and has poor fertility?
A. Pedocal soil
B. Pedalfer soil
C. Laterite soil |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following does NOT contribute to making groundwater more acidic?
A. carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
B. Decaying micro-organisms in the soil
C. calcite dissolving
D. human pollution in the atmosphere |
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Definition
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Term
Groundwater flow is fastest:
A. when contaminated with a DNAPL
B. in rocks with a high hydraulic conductivity
C. in rocks with low porosity
D. during periods of heavy rainfall
E. in an unconfined aquifer
F. in clay |
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Definition
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Term
Hydrodynamic dispersion:
A. Increases leaching in soils
B. Improving soil fertility
C. speed the flow of groundwater contamination
D. spreads groundwater contamination
E. dilutes air pollution caused by burning fossil fuels |
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Definition
| spreads groundwater contamination |
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Term
Which statement if FALSE about soil layer B?
A. it contains little to no organic material
B. it is enriched in iron oxides compared to other layers
C. clay is usually leached from this layer
D. it is the zone of accumulation
E. calcite is sometimes deposited in this layer |
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Definition
| clay is usually leached from this layer |
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Term
What is the most important factor affecting soil formation?
A. parent material
B. climate
C. plant growth and decay
D. topographic relief
E.time |
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Definition
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Term
Which is the following is hardest to chemically weather?
A. Calcite
B. Halite (rock salt)
C. Quartz
D. Feldspar
E. Pyroxene |
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Definition
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Term
Magmatic differentiation produces important mineral deposits by:
A. cooking rocks to metamorphose them into ore minerals
B. sinking of ore mineral crystals to the floor of the magma chamber
C. volcanic eruption of ore minerals at a different time from non-ore minerals
D. concentration of magnetic ore minerals along the earth's magnetic field
E. hydrothermal convection near the magma chamber that concentrates ore minerals |
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Definition
| cooking rocks to metamorphose them into ore minerals |
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Term
What creates a flood plain?
A. Flooding
B. Meandering river erodes wider rather than deeper
C. Waterfall erosion
D. Leaching |
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Definition
| Meandering river erodes wider rather than deeper |
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Term
Which of the following economic deposits can be formed by extreme leaching of tropical rain forest soils?
A. oil
B. aluminum
C. copper
D. gold
E. salt
F. diamond
G. coal |
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Definition
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Term
What important geologic process creates many of the important metallic ore deposits, including gold, silver, copper, lead, zinc, and uranium?
A. weathering
B. hydrothermal circulation
C. magmatic segregation
D. high-grade metamorphism
E. chemical sedimentation |
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Definition
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Term
What can cause sand to move up the beach toward the land and back down under the water (but usually not to leave the beach system)?
A. a seawall
B. regular and storm waves
C. the tide
D. the longshore current
E. a groin |
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Definition
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Term
What is the only source of diamond?
A. Placer deposit
B. Kimberlite
C. Evaporite |
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Definition
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