Term
| continental rift zone (d) |
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Definition
| linear belt along which continental lithosphere stretches and pulls apart |
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Term
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Definition
| three plate boundaries intersect, often causes rifts |
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Term
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Definition
| heat under continent forms dome which splits surface into 3 active margins, one of which usually fails (volcanoes, earthquakes inland form great lakes |
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Term
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Definition
| underwater fissures in the Earth's surface from which magma can erupt. |
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Term
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Definition
| the cloud of suspended minerals formed where hot water spews out of a vent along a mid-ocean ridge, the dissolved sulfide components of the hot water instantly precipitate when water mixes with seawater and cools |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| divergent plate boundary (d) |
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Definition
| boundary at which two lithosphere plates move apart from each other, marked by mid ocean ridges |
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Term
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Definition
| boundary at which two plates move toward each other so that one plate sinks (subducts) beneath the other, only oceanic lithosphere can subduct |
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Term
| ocean-ocean convergence (c) |
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Definition
| island arc, wadati-benioff zone, small accretionary wedge, trench |
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Term
| ocean-continent convergence (c) |
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Definition
| trench, mountain range, thrust faults, accretionary wedge (prism), earthquakes down to 650 km, volcanic arc, volcanoes digest continental rocks, subducted plate recycled |
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Term
| continent-continent convergence (c) |
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Definition
| NO subduction, No volcanoes! thickened crust, tall mountains, great earthquakes, trench filled with rivers |
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Term
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Definition
| where one plate sinks beneath another |
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Term
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Definition
| dipping planar (flat) zone of earthquakes that is produced by the interaction of a downgoing oceanic crustal plate with a continental plate. These earthquakes can be produced by slip along the subduction thrust fault or by slip on faults within the downgoing plate as a result of bending and extension as the plate is pulled into the mantle. |
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Term
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Definition
| deep elongate trough bordering a volcanic arc, defines a trace of a convergent plate boundry |
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Term
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Definition
| occurs at a depth between 300-670 km, earthquakes don't happen |
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Term
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Definition
| (accretionary prism) wedge shaped mass of sediment and rock scraped off the tip of down going plate and accreted (attached) onto overriding plate at convergent margin |
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Term
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Definition
| one plate slips laterally past another, offset roads and rivers on land, moderately large earthquakes |
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Term
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Definition
| narrow band of vertical fractures in the ocean floor, lie roughly at right angles to a mid-ocean ridge, and the actively slipping part of a fracture is a transform fault |
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Term
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Definition
| count of the number of protons (and number of electrons) |
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Term
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Definition
| sum of protons and neutrons (neutrons have no effect on chemical properties in different isotopes) |
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Term
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Definition
naturally occurring, solid, crystalline, inorganic, and with specific chemical composition
formation: crystallization from magma, crystal growth in solid state, precipitation from solution |
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Term
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Definition
| weak attraction between cations ie: NaCl=salt=halite |
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Term
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Definition
| strong bond between electrons ie. diamond |
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Term
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Definition
| without combining with other minerals: Ag, Au, Cu, S, C |
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Term
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Definition
| elements occur in different crystal forms ie. coal, graphite, diamond |
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Term
| silica- oxygen tetrahedra |
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Definition
| 4 oxygens surround a silicon ion |
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Term
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Definition
1. Talc
2. gypsum
3. calcite ---- fingernail
4.flourite ---- penny
5. apatite
6. orthoclase --- swiss army
7. quartz --- window glass
8. topaz --- steel file
9. corundum
10. diamond |
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Term
fracture:
conchoidal
fibrous |
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Definition
conchoidal: breaks along smooth curved surfaces like glass ie. quartz
fibrous: splinters like wood ie. asbestos |
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Term
luster:
vitreous
adamantine
metallic
pearly
resinous
silky |
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Definition
vitreous: like glass, quartz
adamantine: like a gem, diamond, topaz
metallic: glows like silver or gold, galena, pyrite
pearly: iridescent, aragonite
resinous: layer of grease on it, talc
silky: shiny silken sheen, asbestos |
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Term
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Definition
| mass per unit volume, most minerals 1.5 -2.5 (quartz, feldspar) |
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Term
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Definition
| blade like, hexagonal (beryl, quartz), fibrous or needle-like or acicular (asbestos, botroidal (malachite, dolomite) |
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Term
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Definition
| magnetic, taste, birefringent (double refraction), UV light, acid |
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