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| the science that examines the Earth, its form and composition, and the origin and history of the planet and its life forms. |
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| James Ussher, archbishop of Armagh, Ireland. Determined the Earth was created on October 22, 4004 bc |
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| Doctrine of Catastrophism: the earth shaped primarily by major catastrophes (YOUNG EARTH) |
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Doctrine of Uniformitarianism: the earth is shaped according to the same physical, chemical, and biological principles that operate today
*this was first formally recorded by James Hutton who published his ideas in a book called "theory of the Earth", 1788.
*(OLD EARTH) 4.6 billion years old |
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| Theory of Plate Tectonics |
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suns, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, etc formed from single body of interstellar gas and dust (solar nebula)
*process began 5 billion years ago |
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| Earth's layered structure |
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*Compositional
*Mechanical |
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