Term
|
Definition
1. B. Divergent
2. B. Convergent
3. B. Transform |
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Term
In the early part of the 20th century, __________ presented the hypothesis for
continental drift.
a. Kurt Cobain
b. Peter Rommel
c. Bill Kohl
d. Alfred Wegener |
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Definition
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Term
Pull-apart, rift zones are generally associated with a __________ plate boundary.
a. transform
b. convergent
c. divergent
d. all plate boundaries |
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Definition
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Term
All are evidence used in support of the theory of plate tectonics except for
__________.
a. hot spots
b. Ocean floor drilling
c. changes in the Moon's orbit due to shifting plates
d. measurements of plate motions |
|
Definition
| c. changes in the Moon's orbit due to shifting plates |
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Term
What planet is right after planet earth?
a. Jupiter
b. Uranus
c. Mars
d. Mercury |
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Definition
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Term
What percentage of the earth is the mantle?
a. 80
b. 81
c. 82 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The asthenosphere is a weak sphere?
a. true
b. false |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
At what time Pangea started to fracture leading to formation of sea floor.
a. 250 mya c. 200 mya
b. 300 mya d. 350 mya |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
One of these is not evidence used to support the concept of continent drift.
a. fossils match on adjacent continents
c. presence of Mid-Ocean Ridge in Atlantic
b. magnetic orientation of ocean floor minerals
d. ocean floor gets younger away from mid-ocean ridge |
|
Definition
| d. ocean floor gets younger away from mid-ocean ridge |
|
|
Term
Oldest ocean floor is less than 200 million yrs old
a. true
b. false |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Collision of continent with another continent will generate __________
a. rift valleys c. mountains
b. mid-oceanic ridge d. ocean trenches |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What modern mountain example was formed from collision of continental and oceanic plates?
a. Himalayas
b. Andes
c. Western Aleutions |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of these plate movements will trigger earthquake?
a. convergent and transform
b divergent and convergent
c. transform and divergent
d. all of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The universe is expanding
a. true
b. false |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What kind of rocks is komatiites
a. felsic
b. mafic
c. ultramafic |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Chunks of rock from the solar system that reaches earth’s surface is called
a. meteors
b. meteorites
c. shooting stars |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The Mohorovicic discontinuite (Moho) marks the boundary between
a. the hanging wall and the foot wall.
b. the core and the mantle of Earth.
c. the crust and the mantle of Earth. |
|
Definition
| c. the crust and the mantle of Earth. |
|
|
Term
Which seismic waves do not travel through liquids?
a. P-waves
b. S-waves
c. surface waves |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Seismic waves where the rock segments vibrate at right angles to the travel directions of energy and cannot pass through liquids or gases.
a. primary waves c. longitudinal waves
b. secondary waves d. density waves |
|
Definition
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Term
One of these is not a type of meteorites
a. ordinary chondrites c. achondrites
b. silver meteorites d. iron meteorite |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
In the geologic time scale, the Precambrian period constitute about ____ percentage of the scale
a. 82 c. 87
b. 86 d. 85 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of these is arranged in a decreasing order?
a. solar system – planets - universe
b. universe – solar system – planets
c. planets – solar system – universe |
|
Definition
| b. universe – solar system – planets |
|
|
Term
The Earth’s mantle is composed primarily of
a. oxygen, silicon, iron, and magnesium.
b. iron, magnesium, and calcium.
c. silicon, potassium, and sedimentary rocks.
d. iron and nickel. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
Breaks in crustal rocks along which there has been a displacement of one side relative to the other are
a. folds. d. domes.
b. faults. e. strata.
c. synclines. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
In normal faults, the mass of rock that lies above the shear plane is called the
a. fault scarp. c. thrust fault.
b. foot wall. d. hanging wall. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
A fault in which the hanging wall moves downward in relation to the footwall is called a
a. lateral fault. c. reverse fault.
b. normal fault. d. strike-slip fault. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Reverse faults in which the shear zone is inclined only a few degrees from horizontal are termed
a. normal faults. c. reverse lateral faults.
b. lateral faults. d. thrust faults. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
Downwardly folded rocks that have the youngest beds in the center and the oldest rocks on the flanks are called
a. anticlines. c. folds.
b. synclines. d. basins. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
In the eroded surface expression of an anticline fold, the oldest stratigraphic unit (oldest bed) will be at the center of the structure.
a. true
b. false |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
In the eroded surface expression of a syncline fault, the oldest stratigrapic unit oldest bed will be at the distal edges of the structure.
a. true
b. false |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
One of the strongest evidences for the hypothesis of Continental Drift (later the theory of Plate Tectonics) is the geographical fit of North and South America with Europe and Africa.
a. true
b. false |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Earth’s oldest rocks are younger than the estimated actual age of Earth, which is
a. 4.6 thousand years
b. 4.6 million years
c. 4.6 billion years |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
We accept the “Big Bang” of universal expansion theory as a possible origin of our universe largely because of
a. the shift to the red spectrum of galaxy colors as measured from Earth.
b the blue spectrum of galaxy colors as measured from Earth. |
|
Definition
| a. the shift to the red spectrum of galaxy colors as measured from Earth. |
|
|
Term
Most planets in our solar system (but not all) rotate counter clockwise to the Sun.
a. true
b. false |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Theories for the origin of the universe must conform to an important astronomical observation called
a. oscillating universe cosmology.
b. big bang.
c. solar nebula.
d. red shift. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
The process occurring in the upper atmosphere by which water molecules are split by high-energy beams of ultraviolet light from the sun is termed
a. photochemical dissociation.
b. photosynthesis.
c. photoautotrophy.
d. outgassing. |
|
Definition
| a. photochemical dissociation. |
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|
Term
The process by which water vapor and other gases were released from rocks within the first billion years of Earth’s history.
a. sublimation c. outgassing
b. photosynthesis d. photochemical dissociation |
|
Definition
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|
Term
The most extensive exposures of Precambrian rocks are in geologically stable regions of continents called
a. cratons. c. Precambrian provinces.
b. platforms. d. shields. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
The Precambrian is ordered, from oldest to youngest, into the
a. Archean, Hadean, and Proterozoic Eons.
b. Proterozoic, Hadean, and Archean Eons.
c. Hadean, Archean, and Proterozoic Eons.
d. Proterozoic, Archean, and Hadean Eons. |
|
Definition
| c. Hadean, Archean, and Proterozoic Eons. |
|
|
Term
Earth’s early atmosphere was strongly reducing and anoxic
a. true
b. may be
c. false |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Archean sedimentary rocks are commonly dark due to the presence of
a. oxygen
b. nitrogen
c. carbon |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The age of the Universe is about
a. 7 to 10 billion years
b. 10 to 13 billion years
c. 15 to 18 billion years |
|
Definition
| c. 15 to 18 billion years |
|
|
Term
According to the nebular hypothesis, the solar system began forming at about
a. 2 billion years ago.
b. 5 billion years ago.
c. 10 billion years ago.
d. 15 billion years ago. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The four rocky planets closest to the Sun in our Solar System are
a. Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars.
b. Pluto, Venus, Earth, and Mars.
c. Mercury, Uranus, Earth, and Mars.
d. Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. |
|
Definition
| a. Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars. |
|
|
Term
Which type of meteorites that contain about 5% organic compounds, including amino acids – the building blocks of proteins, DNA, and RNA
a. ordinary chondrites
b. carbonaceous chondrites
c. achondrites
d. silver meteorites |
|
Definition
| b. carbonaceous chondrites |
|
|
Term
Precambrian rocks are often called
a. basements rocks
b. oldest rocks
c. Cambrian rocks |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Halley’s comet is composed of all but one
a. 80 % water ice
b. 70 % nitrogen
c. hydrogen cloud
d. frozen carbon dioxide |
|
Definition
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|
Term
What rocks formed from partially melted crust and sediments in subduction zones
a. granulites
b. anorthosites
c. granodiorites |
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Definition
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