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Geology 101
Sedimentary Rocks
18
Geology
Undergraduate 2
10/12/2010

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Term
Sedimentary Features: Fossils
Definition
Any trace of ancient life
Term
Sedimentary Features: Beds
Definition
Layers of rocks, indicates changes in the environment
Term
Sedimentary Features: Nodules
Definition
Rounded rocks of DIFFERENT composition than its host rock. Examples: Flint nodules, septarian nodules, pyrite nodules, geodes
Term
Sedimentary Features: Concretion
Definition
Rounded rocks of the SAME composition of its host rock. Examples: Barite Rose Concretion
Term
Barite Rose Concretion
Definition
-State rock of Oklahoma
-Part of Garber Sandstone
-Quartz sand with barite cement
Term
Wentworth Scale
Definition
List of Rock Sizes=
-Boulder...Foot
-Cobble
-Pebble...thumb
-Gravel
-Sand...sugar
-Silt
-Clay...flour
Term
Lithification
Definition
Changing of sediment to rock
Term
Type of Lithification: Compaction
Definition
Weight of overburden compacts sediment
Ex: The leaning tower of pisa
Term
Type of Lithification: Cementation
Definition
Water deposits minerals between sediments
Term
Types of Cement
Definition
A) Quartz
B) Calcite
C) Hematite
D) Barite
Term
Location example with POOR lithification
Definition
El Morror, New Mexico
Term
Origins of Sed. Rocks
Definition
1) Detrital= "WORN", accumulation of eroded rocks
Example= Sandstone

2) Chemical= Chemical precipitates
Example: Rock Salt
Term
Textures of Sed Rocks
Definition
1) Clastic= "BROKEN" make of broken fragments
Example: Sandstone (most are quartz)

2) Nonclastic= "NOT BROKEN" made of interlocking crystals
Example: Rock Salt
Term
Two rocks with clastic textures are...
Definition
Lignite Coal= composed of plants
and
Coquina= Composed of Calcite
Term
How much of the land do sed rocks cover?
Definition
-3/4th of the lands surface
-99% of them are the "Big 3"
Term
"Big 3"
Definition
#1= Shale (50%) -_-_-_-_-_ (forms slope)

#2= Sandstone (+25%) :.:.:.:.: (forms cliff)

#3= Limestone (-25%) |_|-|_|-
Term
Sedimentary Facies
Definition
Appearance of sedimentary rocks and change with distance

Under sea to sea level:
Lime mud to mud to sand
Term
Texas State Capitol
Definition
-Made of granite
-Was almost made of limestone
-Paid for with 3 million aces of land
-That land became the XIT ranch
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