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Scientific Theory for How the Universe Began |
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| Theory that the Earth is the way it is today because of sudden catastrophic events |
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| Theory that the way events occur on the Earth today are the same as they have always been. |
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| When do scientists theorize that time and space began? |
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| The longest periods of geologic time are known as... |
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| The time on Earth where nothing could live here is known as what era? |
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| The second longest period of geologic time is called a(n) |
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| The first and longest eon is called the ... |
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| The solar system formed about how long ago? |
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Erosion Flowing Water Plate Tectonics |
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| Give 3 reasons why we don't see much evidence from the Earth's distance past today |
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| We can tell Earth rocks from meteorites because of what element? |
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| The oldest rocks formed by the Earth date back to how long ago. |
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| The type of rock in which a geologist would most likely find a fossil would be... |
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| Life and geologic processes began |
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| Methane, Ammonia, Carbon dioxide |
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| Describe the Earth's early atmosphere. |
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| The first organisms on Earth were probably... |
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Fixed Nitrogen Photosynthesis |
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In what two ways did bacteria allow for the evolution of other life? |
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Forms oxygen Forms ozone from oxygen |
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| How does photosynthesis contribute to life on Earth? |
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3 oxygen that form an atmospheric layer that protects us from ultraviolet radiation. |
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| What type of radiation does ozone protect us from? |
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| Penetrates our skin and other tissues and destroys cells. |
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| Why is ultraviolet radiation so dangerous to life |
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| For what two reasons does life require oxygen? |
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| Multicellular organisms first began to evolve in what era? |
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| The first organism to conquer land were what? |
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| Soft bodied animals first appear in the geologic record in what era? |
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| The current eon is called what? |
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| This separates the Phanerozoic eon from the Precambrian eon. |
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| vertebrates and invertebrates |
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| The two evolutionary directions taken by hard shelled organisms were... |
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insects spiders crustaceans |
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| Three main groups of invertebrates are the what? |
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| The term arthropod is a general term for what? |
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| The term chordate is a general term that applies to most what? |
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| The first era of the Phanerozoic is called the what? |
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| The first period of the Paleozoic that represents the end of the Precambrian Eon is the... |
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| The last period of the Paleozoic is called the what? |
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| The largest mass extinction in the history of the Earth occurred in what period? |
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| Name the first super continent on Earth. |
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The first chordates (true vertebrates) appear. |
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| This separates the Cambrian from the Precambrian. |
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Rodinia split into what two land masses? |
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| The supercontinent that represented the southern continents of the world today was called what? |
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| Armored fish and the first sharks appeared when? |
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| The first plant-like organism to conquer to land was what? |
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| Algae appeared on land in what period? |
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| Ancestors of plants. Could photosynthesize. Making the land inhabitable for plants and then animals. |
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| Why is the appearance of algae on land important? |
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| Bacteria, algae, plants, animals |
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Put the following in order of appearance on land: Animals Bacteria Algae Plants |
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Archaean Ordivician Silurian Silurian |
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In what time period do each of the following appear in the land fossil record: Bacteria Algae Plants Animals |
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| Did soft bodied animals make it on land? Why or why not? |
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| What were the first true animals on land? |
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| Were the first true animals on land vertebrates or invertebrates? |
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| Vascular plants--These are mosses and liverworts |
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| What were the first true plants called? |
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| When did invertebrates first come on land? |
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| When do the first four legged animals evolve on land? |
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bacteria, soft bodied animals, hard-bodied animals,insects, fish, amphibians, reptiles, mammals, humans |
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Put the following in order of evolution: Humans Soft-bodied animals Bacteria Mammals Fish Reptiles Amphibians Insects Hard-bodied animals |
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| Which came on land first, plants or animals? |
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| The first four legged animals on Earth would be the ancestors of what? |
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| What were the dominant animals of the carboniferous? |
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| The first four legged group of animals that did not need to live in water were what? |
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| Reptiles first show in the fossil record in what period? |
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| The dominant plants of the carboniferous were what? |
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All of the continents have joined together how many times in the geologic record? |
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| The two supercontinents formed by the joining of all of the continents were called what? |
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| The Permian mass extinction led to what dominant animals? |
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| The word dinosaur refers to giant what? |
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| What two animal groups evolved from the reptiles? |
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| The single ocean at the time of Pangaea was called? |
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Mammal-like reptiles appear in the fossil record in what period? |
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| The dominant animals of the mesozoic era were what group? |
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| The dominant animals of the cenozoic era are in what group? |
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| The first true-mammals appear in the fossil record during the... |
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| The rocky and Sierra Nevada mountain ranges form during what Period? |
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| The first mammals probably hunted when? |
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| The dinosaurs that are considered the ancestors of birds are called what? |
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| Most of the famous dinosaurs who starred in Jurassic Park actually evolve when? |
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| Angiosperms (flowering plants) first appear when in the fossil record? |
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| Angiosperms and Gymnosperms |
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| The two dominant groups of plants on the Earth today are what? |
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| Angiosperms and pollinating plants are an example of what type of evolution |
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Bees and other pollinating insects appear in the fossil record at the same time as what? |
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| Meteor hits the Earth destroying the dinosaurs and most life. |
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| What event happens at the end of the mesozoic? |
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| It's based on extinctions and the evolution of new species |
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How do geologists decide how to separate the geologic time record . |
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Giant conifers (gymnosperms), woodlands and grasslands, moist and cool temperatures. Sea levels fall exposing more land. |
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When sea levels fall, where does the water go? |
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| When sea levels rise, is this an indication of warmer or cooler climates. |
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Lizards, snakes and crocodiles. Left over reptiles from the Mesozoic. |
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| What were the dominant animal species of the Paleocene. Why? |
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| The Earth starts to cool and continents spread apart leading toward interglaciation periods. |
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| What occurs in the early cenozoic that favors mammals over reptiles? |
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| Rhinocerous, pigs, camels, hippopotamus |
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| What types of modern mammals appear in the Eocene fossil record? |
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| Life spent billions of years evolving to leave the ocean to move on land and then mammals return to the ocean? |
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How is the evolution of whales and dolphins both proof of evolution and a sort of reversal of evolution? |
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| When do horses first show up in the fossil record? |
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| The horse completely changed human civilization through hunting, speed of travel, warfare etc. |
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| Why is the evolution of horses important to the evolution of people. |
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| Passing of new genes occurs when species are interacting. Those genes are favored and kept in the population when species separate. |
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| Why are the joining and separating of land bridges in the cenozoic important to the theory of evolution? |
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| When do we first see the evolution line that leads to humans in the fossil record? |
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| fish, amphibians, reptiles, mammals, primates, humans |
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| Show how these organisms are related in evolutionary order: humans, amphibians, fish, primates, reptiles, mammals. |
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| Are humans vertebrates or invertebrates? |
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| True or False: Antarctica has always been a frozen continent. |
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| True or False: Dinosaurs and people shared the Earth. |
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| True or False: Mammals and dinosaurs shared the Earth. |
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| Grasslands supporting grazing mammals |
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| Describe conditions in the Miocene |
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| When do the Atlantic and Pacific become two geologically separate oceans? |
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| When do human-like primates first evolve? |
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| In what part of the world did humans first evolve? |
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| Pack dogs (wolves, hyenas etc), large cats (saber tooth tigers, lions etc) and bears. |
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| What were the main predators of the Pleiocene |
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| Periods of glacial advances and retreats. |
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| How would you describe the Pleistocene? |
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| Wooly mammals such as woolly mammoths, woolly rhinocerous and reindeer. |
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| What types of animals were favored in the Pleistocene. |
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| When did modern humans evolve? |
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| What is the current Epoch called? |
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| Put in order from shortest to longest: epoch, eon, period, era |
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| How long have modern humans been on Earth according to the fossil record? |
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