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| An earthquake produces waves that travel through earth |
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| Travel through many types of materials, direction and velocity change when passing from one material to another |
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| Only travel through solids not liquids |
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| How do we know about the interior of the earth |
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Definition
| We read seismic waves and can tell between a p wave and an s wave based off the material they are passing through |
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- most inside portion of earth
-Roughly 2,200 miles thick
- mostly iron and nickel
- Temp 12,000 F (pressure)
-Core creates magnetic field |
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Solid Inner,Liquid Outer
Why is there a solid?
-Pressure, atoms squeezed so tight they cant melt |
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Roughly 1,800 miles thick
solid rock, dark,dense,heavy minerals
silicon, iron, magnesium
Includes portions of magma
5,000 F at base-3,000 F at top |
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Outer skin of earth
thickness between 1-25 miles |
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Continental - 5 to 25 miles thick , light colored, low density(silicon, aluminum)
granitic rocks, very complex , 4 bill yrs old
Oceanic- Thin dark colored less than 5 miles thick high density silicon iron magnesium also basaltic rocks 200 million yrs old, young rocks |
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Term
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Definition
solid upper portion of mantle and crust 65 miles thick
broken into tectonic plates (lithospheric plates) |
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Definition
| Soft partially molten portion of mantle 65-120 miles |
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| Theory of Continental Drift |
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Definition
Lithosphere is composed of discrete solid fragments
plates rest on molten soft asthenosphere
plates are in motion
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Definition
Alfred Wegner
Super continent pangea
rock ages, types are same on both sides of atlantic |
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Term
Oceanic Ridges(1) Long mtn chains along central portions of the ocean basins
Oceanic Trenches(2) Long narrow but very deep valleys(up to 36,000 ft) |
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Definition
(1) Long mtn chains along central portions of the ocean basins
(2) Long narrow but very deep valleys(up to 36,000 ft)
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-Seismographs all over the world
-also obtaining samples of rocks and sediments on the deep ocean bottoms
- Learned polarity of the ocean floor
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| Theory of plate tectonics |
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Definition
-The lithosphere is composed of discrete solid fragments
-Plates rest upon the soft, partially, molten liquid asthenosphere |
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Definition
| Divergent Convergent Transform |
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| PLates rubbing or sliding along side one another |
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