Term
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Definition
Plantae Fungi Anamalia Protista Archaebateria Eubacteria |
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Term
| prokaryotes characterisitcs |
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Definition
-single-celled/ unicellular -include kingdoms Archaea and Bacteria -no nucleus or organelles -microscopic |
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Definition
plantae fungi anamalia protista |
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Definition
| archaebacteria and eubacteria |
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Term
| Eukaryotes characrerisitcs |
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Definition
-larger than prokaryotes -presence of nucles and organelles -unicellular and multicellular forms -includes kingdoms: protista, fungi, plantae, and anamalia |
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| what is single most important differentiating factor in fossil record? |
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Definition
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-mostly single celled but some multicellular organisms - includes algae -photosynthetic |
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Definition
-unicellular algae in lake and oceas that form opaline silica skeletons -form siliceous ooze on ocean floor which becomes diatomaceous chert |
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Definition
-microscopic -single-celled aquatic protozoans with chambered skeletons of calcite/cemented sand grains -important index fossils/ climate indicators |
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Definition
single celled planktonic protozoans that secrete skeletons of silica form siliceous ooze on ocean floor |
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Term
| Kingdom Fungi Characterisitcs |
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Definition
-not common in fossil record -important decomposer |
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Term
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Definition
-evolved from multicellular green algae -fossil pollen grains are important index fossils in terrestrial strata |
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Definition
-divided into invertebrates (lack bones) and vertebrates (bones) -important index fossils and environ indicators |
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Definition
| classification and arrangement of organisms according to their phylogeny |
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Definition
| how organisms are related to each other |
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Definition
Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species |
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Definition
| group of individuals that can interbreed in nature and produce viable offspring |
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Definition
| species defined and based on morphologic features that can be recognized in fossils |
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Term
| what is not a defining characteristic of a species? |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| group of species that share particular traits |
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Definition
| cluster of genera that share particular traits |
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Definition
| based upon degrees of resemblence btwn tata (if they look similar, they must be related)-subjective |
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Definition
| emphasizes branching events in phylogeny (events that form new clades) |
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Definition
| group of organisms with common ancestor |
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Definition
| when 2 groups share a particular biological trait that is inherited from a common ancestor |
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Definition
| traits that are not the homologous but have similar functions |
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Term
| characterisitcs/ traits in cladistics |
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Definition
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Definition
| ancestral condition, appearing early in a goup's history |
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| something that evolved out of the primitive condition; a trait that evolved later and occurs in only some of the members of a lineage |
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Definition
synapomorphies- shared derived characters vs autapomorphies- derived trait that is unique to a given clade or group |
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Definition
| taxon with primitive characteristics |
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Definition
| branching diagram that shows the evolutionary relationships among various taxa based upon the distribution of derived traits |
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Definition
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Term
| phylogeny/evolutionary tree |
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Definition
| a branching diagram that portrays ancestor-descendant relationships over time |
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Term
| theory of organic evolution |
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Definition
| all living organisms are descendants from life forms that existed in the past |
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Term
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Definition
| recognized that fossils occurred in a particular vertical sequence in rock layers (NO knowledge of evolution) |
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Definition
-off of Ecuador -volcanic islands -islands have never connected to mainland |
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Term
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Definition
| -different tortoises inhabited different islands although related to mainland tortoise |
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Term
| Darwins definition of Evolution |
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Definition
| descent with modification |
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Definition
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| considered the father of genetics |
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| only the individuals that are best adapted to their environ will survive to reproduce and pass on their traits |
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| ridges of till plowed up in front or along edges of glaciers |
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| shallow basins formed behind moraines as glaciers melted back |
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| feature that substitutes for direct observation |
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Definition
18O/16O ratio measured from foram shells 16O lighter than 18O therefore it evaporates easier |
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Term
| ice free world... (O isotopes) |
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Definition
| 18O/16O ratio stays in balance |
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Term
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Definition
| 18O/O16 more positive in oceans (heavier) |
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Term
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Definition
| O ratio becomes more negative (lighter) |
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Term
| what triggered the modern ice age? |
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Definition
| -formation of land bridge between N and S America which changed oceanic circulation (isthmus) |
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Term
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Definition
| prevented mixing of N Atlantic with N Pacific waters so Atlantic saltier than Pacific |
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Term
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Definition
tool for measuring/estimating past climate smooth margined (untoothed) leaves is directly correlated with Mean Annual Temp |
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Term
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Definition
| the average of 12 month avg temps at any given location |
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Term
| vertebrate fossils as tools for inferring paleoclimate |
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Definition
crocodilians- used as proxy, based upon geographic distributionand tolerance of their nearest living relatives turtles- broader temp ranges |
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Definition
| % of solar radiation reflected from Earths surface |
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Term
| characterisitics of greenhouse world |
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Definition
-increase in forest/coral reefs -oceans with lighter O ratio -increase greenhouse gases -rising sea level -coal deposits widespread |
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Term
| tools that help detect greenhouse world |
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Definition
-carbon isotopes -fossils -rock formations |
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Term
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Definition
| height of global warming in all time of Cenezoic |
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Term
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Definition
| trapping of solar radiation by atmosphere that warms the earths surface |
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Term
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Definition
CO2, CH4, H20 trap infrared radiation that is reemitted |
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Term
| what alters atmos reservoirs of C and O over time? |
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Definition
burial and erosion weathering (chemical) |
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Term
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Definition
carbon 12 carbon 13 (heavier) |
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| things that effect rate of weathering |
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Definition
mountain building- speeds up vegetation-speeds up animals- speeds up (burrowing) |
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-method of global warming >20 as effective |
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| production of methane and CO2, biological processes are carried out by methanogens |
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Definition
methanogens that live in hot springs, dead sea, guts strictly anaerobic and convert CO2 to CH4 |
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Term
| Biological sources of CH4 |
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Definition
wetlands livestock termites landfills oceans |
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Term
| nonbiogenic sources of CH4 |
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Definition
coal mining nat gas flaring/venting methane hydrates volcanoes cars |
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Term
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Definition
-frozen by low temps and high pressure -marine sediments, high altitudes |
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Term
| what else causes changes in 18O in forams |
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Definition
| at cooler temps, forams incorporate more of the heavier 18O because its more sluggish and easier to combine with other ions resulting in heavier 18O values |
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