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Geol 213
U of O national parks
47
Geology
Undergraduate 2
04/25/2014

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Term
Physiographic province
Definition
Geomorphic region showing in all its parts similar climate and geologic structures and having relief features readily differentiated from those of neighboring regions.
Term
Landform
Definition
Individual features
Term
Landscapes
Definition
Combinations of landforms
Term
Dike
Definition
Cuts through older rock (igneous)
Term
Formation
Definition
rock unit containing one or more beds with distinctive physical and chemical characteristics
Term
Group (stratigraphy)
Definition
two or more geographically associated formations with notable common features
Term
Member (Stratigraphy)
Definition
Minor rock unit within a formation
Term
Sill
Definition
Squeezed between rock layers
Term
Joint
Definition
surface fractures, or partings, in rock without displacement.
Term
Cross-bedding
Definition
sequence of crisscross, dipping beds deposited by water or wind currents of variable direction
Term
Exfoliation
Definition
large curved sheets or slabs of rock peel off from a bedrock surface; caused by physical and chem forces
Term
Frost wedging
Definition
moisture in cracks and joints freeze ad expand
Term
Oxidation
Definition
Oxygen uniting with another element
Term
Slope wash
Definition
process of weathering; downward trickling or running water not confined by a channel
Term
Solution
Definition
dissolving of soluble minerals in rock
Term
Spheroidal
Definition
physical and chem process that has effect of rounding off pinnacles and knobs
Term
Fins
Definition
narrow sandstone ridges that are eroding along parallel joints
Term
Needles
Definition
similar to fins but have more crisscross fractures
Term
Divergent Plate Boundary
Definition
zones where the plates split and spread apart
Term
Convergent Plate Boundary
Definition
zones where plates collide
Term
Transform Plate Boundary
Definition
zone where plates slide horizontally past each other
Term
Collision Plate Boundary
Definition
Plates are too light to subduct, so they converge and from large mountain ranges
Term
Three layers of Earth (Composition)
Definition
Crust- thin layer covers exterior
Mantle- 80% volume of earth
Core- metal and mostly nickel and iron
Term
Five layers of Earth (Physical)
Definition
Lithosphere- Upper most mantle+ crust
Asthenosphere-upper mantle, plastic rock
Mesosphere-middle and lower mantle
Outer Core- liquid metal
Inner Core-solid metal
Term
Five Major geological consequences of subduction
Definition
-trenches
-chain of volcanoes
-Earthquakes
-Constant plate destruction - young sea floors
-mountain ranges form
Term
Accreted Terranes
Definition
pieces of crust that formed in one location, but later transported by moving plates
Term
How do terranes become accreted to a continental margin?
Definition
They can become "glued" if they are too light to subduct
Term
Three basic families and the differences
Definition
Igneous- formed from cooling and consolidation of magma

Sedimentary- formed from particles of broken down rocks

Metamorphic- changed form in the solid state due to heat, pressure and chem alteration
Term
Differences (color, silica content, and grain size) between granite and basalt
Definition
Granite is lighter, higher silica content and coarse grained
Term
Differences (color, silica content, and grain size) between basalt and rhyolite
Definition
Basalt has less silica, is darker and both are fine grained
Term
What are the coarse grained equivalents rocks to rhyolite, andesite and basalt
Definition
Granite- Diorite - Gabbro
Term
Pyroclastic Material
Definition
volcanic rock ejected during an eruption
EX: pumice, volcanic ash, cinders, volcanic breccia
Term
Batholiths
Definition
large igneous intrusions composed of granite-like rocks
Term
Aa Flows
Definition
viscous, slow-moving, little gas, angular blocks
Term
Pahoehoe Flows
Definition
fluid, faster-moving, lots of gas, surface smooth or rope-like
Term
Four major processes of forming clastic rocks
Definition
weathering- physical and chem breakdown of rock
Erosion-picking up and transporting weathered products
Deposition- settling of sediment
Compaction/cementation-
Term
Shale
Definition
fine-grained; microscopic particles of clay minerals, quartz, and mica
Term
limestone
Definition
mainly mineral calcite, may be crystalline
Term
Conglomerate
Definition
composed rounded rock fragments and harder rock
Term
Gneiss
Definition
high-grade; composition similar to granite; alternating bands of light and dark minerals
Term
Schsit
Definition
minerals are strongly aligned and large enough to see
Term
Slate
Definition
fine-grianed; harder and more brittle than shale; splits into flat sheets
Term
Three principle causes of metamorphism
Definition
heat, pressure and chemical alteration
Term
Eras of the Phanerozoic Eon
(oldest to youngest)
Definition
Paleozoic, Mesozoic, Cenozoic
Term
Periods of Paleozoic Era
(oldest to youngest)
Definition
Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Mississippian, Pennsylvanian, Permian
Term
Periods of Mesozoic Era
(oldest to youngest)
Definition
Triassic, Jurassic, Cretaceous
Term
Periods and Epochs of Cenozoic Era
Definition
Periods- Tertiary, Quaternary
Epochs- Paleocene, Eocene, Oligocene, Micocene, Pilocene, Pleistocene, Holocene
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