Term
|
Definition
| Subset of geology responsible for the subset of surface landforms |
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Term
|
Definition
| Water that has never been in the hydrologic cycle |
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Term
| Volcanic eruption and meteorites. 10-15% of all magma is water, when it comes to the surface it explodes as water vapor. Some also comes from meteorites (big chunk of water ice). |
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Definition
| Where does juvenile water come from? |
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Term
|
Definition
| Includes all moving fresh water |
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Term
| Lacustrine system. Not fluvial because the water does not move. |
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Definition
| Lakes are part of what system |
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Term
|
Definition
| Most drinkable water is found where |
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Term
| Surface streams and rivers |
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Definition
| Where do Monroe and West Monroe get their drinking water? |
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Term
| Flooding (geologic hazards), erosion/deposition, drinking water, irrigation, transportation, and recreation. |
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Definition
| Importance of studying fluvial systems (6) |
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Term
| Fluvial is ETDL without the L. Erosion, Transport, and Deposition makes a primary outline of Fluvial systems. |
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Definition
| How are fluvial systems and the sedimentary process related? |
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Term
|
Definition
| The more water you have coming down the hill, the more sediments you will carry. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Where is the USGS in Ruston? |
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Term
|
Definition
| Organization that tracks flooding and discharge using meters and satellite. Can track the peak of a flood on a river system. |
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Term
|
Definition
| What units is discharge measured in? |
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Term
|
Definition
| The __________ the water, the larger the particles it can pick up. |
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Term
| the gradient. the steeper the hill, the faster the water moves. |
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Definition
| What is the velocity of fluvial systems increased by? |
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Term
2000 - 1000
_____________= 500 ft/mi
2 miles |
|
Definition
| What is the gradient of a slope that starts at 1000 and goes to 2000 in 2 miles? |
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Term
|
Definition
| What units is gradient measured in? |
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Term
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Definition
| Arkansas' lists that measures 20 rivers and tells you the discharge and gradient. Measures rapids. |
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Term
| 4 ft/mi is fun. 8-10 ft/mi is pretty dangerous rapids. 30 ft/mi is SUPER dangerous. |
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Definition
| What is generally considered a steep gradient? |
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Term
|
Definition
| What velocity is decreased by in fluvial systems |
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Term
| the shape and size of the river bed. |
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Definition
| the amount of friction depends on |
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Term
| 60 ft up from the bed/0.6 depth |
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Definition
| Where is the fastest water in a fluvial system found? |
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Term
| Surface water has a turbulent flow. The weight of the turbulent water forces the underlying water into laminar flow (all the water is going down hill) |
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Definition
| In fluvial systems, why is the water below (0.6 depth) faster than the water at the surface? |
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Term
|
Definition
| In general, high surface to volume ratio = ______ velocity; low surface to volume ratio = _____ velocity. But a high ________ can overcome friction. |
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Term
| one with a circular bed (because in geometry, circles have the lowest surface to volume ratio). |
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Definition
| What stream shape will have the lowest surface to volume ratio (waterfalls and rapids don’t count)? |
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Term
| Slot (but they do NOT have a low velocity). |
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Definition
| What stream shape has highest surface to volume ratio? |
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Term
| Slots are always on mountains with high gradients, so the gradients overpower the friction. |
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Definition
| Slots have a fast velocity when you would expect slow. Why? |
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Term
|
Definition
| best measure of the largest particle a stream can carry under a given set of conditions |
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Term
|
Definition
| the minimum amount of velocity it takes to pick up a particle |
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Term
| clay--because it bonds with all the clay on the bottom. |
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Definition
| What has the highest entrainment velocity (out of clay, silt, sand and gravel)? |
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Term
|
Definition
| What has the second highest entrainment velocity (out of clay, silt, sand and gravel)? |
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Term
| New Competence = (New velocity/old velocity)^2 * Old competence |
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Definition
| How do we measure new competence? |
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Term
|
Definition
old competence 5 old velocity 10
new velocity 40
What is new competence? |
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Term
|
Definition
| the total amount of sediments a stream can carry. |
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Term
|
Definition
| number of sediments carried in solution |
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Term
|
Definition
| total amount of particles that are carried above the bottom |
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Term
|
Definition
| That part of the capacity which is being carried in partial contact with the bottom (bed) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Bed load moves by ___________ down the stream |
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Term
|
Definition
| the way particles move through water up and down due to gravity and velocity of stream |
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Term
| 750 million metric tons per year |
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Definition
| Solution load is 200 million metric tons/year at Vicksburg Mississippi. Average suspended load is 500 million metric tons/year. The bed load is 50 million metric tons/year. What is the capacity of the Mississippi? |
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Term
|
Definition
| Most streams have a concave upward shape (from a mountain or hill or whatever.). This equilibrium profile is referred to as a |
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Term
|
Definition
| Up in the high country, your __________ load is most important. |
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Term
|
Definition
| In middle reaches (like Mississippi river) __________ load is most important. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Toward mouth of stream, ____________ load is most important. |
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Term
|
Definition
| All streams will strive to cut the mountain down to a ______ ________(altitude of the next larger body of water). |
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Term
|
Definition
| As water slows down, it drops out sediments. The _________ particles drop out first. |
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Term
|
Definition
| is entrainment velocity higher or lower than deposition velocity? |
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Term
|
Definition
| On a deposition-erosion graph, everything above the entrainment curve is being |
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Term
|
Definition
| On a deposition-erosion graph, everything below the deposition curve is being |
|
|
Term
| if they are increasing in velocity (going up), they will be not be moving. if they are decreasing in velocity (going down) they will be moving. |
|
Definition
| Are substances that are between the entrainment and deposition curves on a graph moving or deposited? |
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Term
|
Definition
| Deposition results in a series of ____________. |
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Term
| The amount of water coming down hill. The smaller the amount, the larger the transverse bars. |
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Definition
| What controls the size of transverse bars? |
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Term
|
Definition
| stream that occurs when water picks up transverse bars and carries them downstream. Occur where there is a high fluctuation in the amount of water. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Stream that goes back and forth between valley walls and is usually found in areas with a constant water supply. All the streams in our area are of this type. |
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Term
| In a straight stretch, it will realize the least friction and be fastest. As you get toward the sides you get more friction and therefore a slower flow. Water bounces off the sides before going straight again |
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Definition
| In a stream, where does the water slow down? Where does it speed up? |
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Term
|
Definition
| trace of the highest velocity water down a stream |
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Term
|
Definition
| Closest point to the thalveg occurs at the outside of the curve, so erosion occurs at the outside bank—usually referred to as the ______ bank. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Furthest point form the thalveg occurs at the _______ of the curve. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Overtime, sediments are deposited in the same direction as the cut bank, making a deposit known as a ____________. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Deposition occurs on the ________ of the curve on every curve. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Where is most of your coarse grain sediment deposited in meandering stream systems? |
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Term
| fines. So clay will make up the top layer and gravel will be at the bottom. |
|
Definition
| Point bar sequence _____ upwards, which is relatively unique. |
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Term
| clay and organic material |
|
Definition
| Over bank deposits composed largely of _____________________ , so that when a flood occurs, the soil is replenished. |
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Term
| along rivers where you had the better soil. |
|
Definition
| So early agrarian societies were built where? |
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Term
|
Definition
| About ____ years ago the Mississippi river jumped its banks and extended all the way to Monroe. |
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|
Term
| saltation. (which is a fancy word for bouncing down the stream) |
|
Definition
| How is bed load moved down the stream? |
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Term
|
Definition
| a pile of sand that extends away from the shore line. |
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Term
|
Definition
| a spit formed all the way across a meander loop |
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Term
|
Definition
| a meandering loop that is covered on both ends by barrier bars |
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Term
|
Definition
| Best known oxbow lake in our area |
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Term
|
Definition
| Oxbow lakes have no stream _______, and therefore ____ can come out of suspension. |
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Term
| sheet wash (in oxbows, causes large trees surrounded by smaller trees on the shore.) |
|
Definition
| inch or two of water streaming down (like on a driveway.) Clays and organic materials are washed by this into an oxbow and backfill it. So it gets extremely rich soil. |
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Term
|
Definition
| usually found down the mouth of the river (south of NO), with clay, then silt, then sand, then gravel deposited. |
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Term
|
Definition
| delta created by high river transport, low near shore transport |
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Term
|
Definition
| building straight out into the ocean because of high river transport and low near shore processes |
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Term
|
Definition
| Most of the Gulf Coast provinces were formed by ____________ of the Mississippi river into the gulf. |
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Term
| Mississippi. At this point in time it only has two toes, but it has had three before. |
|
Definition
| Best example of a birdfoot delta? |
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Term
| Destructive deltaic deposit |
|
Definition
| redistributes sediments and forms a flat lake. In our area, best example is the Sparta formation (local aquifer—where we get all of our water). |
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Term
|
Definition
| crescent shaped delta that results form nearly equal river and near-shore transport. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Near shore processes pick up all river sediments so they erode into the land and you're left with a bay |
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Term
|
Definition
| What is the chance of a flood on the 10-year plane if it hasn’t flooded in 9 years, based on long-term averages? |
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Term
|
Definition
| If hasn’t flooded in last 9 years, what is the real potential of it flooding this year? |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| group that has fancy maps of flood planes for your area. You should consult them before you build a house. |
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|
Term
| Define a usage that reduces the number of people, and assured that they are mobile. Parks, golf courses, etc. No sensitive receptors (high concentration of people who can’t move). Hospitals, elementary schools, wells, etc. |
|
Definition
| What do you do with a 5-year flood plane? |
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Term
|
Definition
| In most states, the lowest you can build is a ____-year flood plane—and you better have flood insurance. |
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Term
|
Definition
| In LA, you can build on the ___-year flood plane if you build your house on stilts. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| can geologists predict when there will be a flood? |
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Term
|
Definition
| Over 85% of cities get their water from _____________ or at least use it to supplement. |
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|
Term
| The Mississippi. The groundwater there is full of saline (salt water). |
|
Definition
| where does NO get its drinking water? |
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Term
|
Definition
| water absorbed by surface plants with shallow roots |
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Term
|
Definition
| that zone where at least part of the pore space is filled with air. |
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Term
|
Definition
| modern synonym for aeration. |
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Term
|
Definition
| the downward movement of a solution in response to gravity |
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Term
|
Definition
| that zone where all pore spaces are saturated with water |
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Term
|
Definition
| water that is trapped during the deposition of the sediments and dissolves dangerous material. |
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Term
|
Definition
| In our area, connate water includes a lot of |
|
|
Term
| 46-48 million years (since the eocene period) |
|
Definition
| how long has connate water been trapped? |
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Term
|
Definition
| how does connate water become unsequestered? |
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Term
|
Definition
| Between saturation zone and vadose. 2D surface that fluctuates up and down relative to the amount of water on the surface. Analogous to the surface of a lake. |
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Term
| Adsorbed is sticking the water to the grain by surface tension. Ex: If you dip a glass in the wash it will have a layer of water adsorbed to the glass. Absorbed means the substance takes the water in (Only organic materials do this). |
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Definition
| Difference between adsorbed and absorbed? |
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Term
|
Definition
| roughly analogous to discharge. A measure of the amount of water moving beneath the surface. Measured in units of area/volume/time. |
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Term
|
Definition
| the measure of the amount of water that could move. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| groundwater is accelerated by |
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|
Term
| friction (but on a much larger scale) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the size of pore throats. The larger the pore throats, the higher the velocity. Ex: Gravel (big pore throats) allows water to move more quickly. |
|
Definition
| In groundwater, velocity is controlled by |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| the number of pores in a sub straight |
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Term
|
Definition
| a naturally occurring layer of sediment (or rock) which precludes (stops) the flow of water. |
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Term
|
Definition
| a natural occurring body which allows water to pass freely (through overlapping pores) |
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Term
|
Definition
| naturally occurring body which slows the water down (but does not stop flow completely) |
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Term
|
Definition
| An aqua clue has 50% porosity. How much water get through? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An aquifer has 10% porosity. How much water will get through? |
|
|
Term
| between the grains (the pore throats--not pore spaces themselves). |
|
Definition
| Where is the highest surface to volume ratio in the pore space? |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| The weight of the overlying water in groundwater systems |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The larger the pore throats, the _________ the surface to volume ratio, the ________ the friction, the _________ the velocity. |
|
|
Term
| pore throats and gradient |
|
Definition
| velocity in ground water systems is controlled by what 2 things? |
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|
Term
| sea level (so in our area, it should flow south) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| East. It should be flowing south, but Ruston is sitting on top of a cone of depression from Jonesboro-Hodge and West Monroe, so water is flowing backwards to backfill the hole. |
|
Definition
| what direction does the groundwater in our area travel, and why? |
|
|
Term
| Sand is a sediment. Sandstone is a rock |
|
Definition
| What's the difference between sandstone and sand? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What’s the difference between a rock and a sediment? |
|
|
Term
| cementation--you get the cement from pore throats. |
|
Definition
| easiest way to lithophy sand? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cementation ________ the pore throats |
|
|
Term
| Gravel is the best. Sand is also good. |
|
Definition
| Which sub straight makes the best aquifer? |
|
|
Term
| granite and clay (granite is best) |
|
Definition
| What sub straight makes the best aqua clue? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Which sub straight makes the best aquitard? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What’s the best aquifer in our area? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| aquifer that is a destructive deltaic deposit |
|
|
Term
| a lot of the pore space is backfilled with clay and silt, so the sand is not very clean, and the water moves very slowly (really more of an aquitard than an aquifer). |
|
Definition
| problems with the Sparta aquifer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| How fast does water move in the Sparta formation? |
|
|
Term
| Granite. U.S. went to Nevada and tunneled through solid granite, made lateral passages and encase radioactive stuff in cement, pipes, etc, then put them in a granite hole. |
|
Definition
| What would be the best sub straight to store radioactive waste? |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| You want to disperse the liquids (think PVC pipe with holes in it), so gravel. Create a trench and put the septic line down, then gravel, then soil so you can grow grass on top. |
|
Definition
| What would you use to surround septic lines? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What will you get when surface erosion cuts the water table? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Where the ground water flows out into the surface flow, it’s referred to as an |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Conversely, if you have surface flow which infiltrates to the water table, it’s referred to as an |
|
|
Term
| effluent. That’s good if water becomes contaminated, because the contaminated water will flow toward the ocean instead of toward your groundwater. |
|
Definition
| Are most systems in LA influent of effluent? |
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Term
|
Definition
| If you have a layer of clay (aqua clue) water will mound up on top of the clay layer which is referred to as a |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| water table perched above the regional water table |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| often used to supply individual houses with water, fairly easily contaminated, finite systems |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Largest SINGLE water users in LA--smaller ones use 21 million gallons per day |
|
|
Term
| A big city (municipality) |
|
Definition
| Only thing that will use more water than a paper mill |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| caused by using the water table faster than it can replenish itself. |
|
|
Term
| North West, to account for the mill and the normal regional flow |
|
Definition
| In Ruston, where should you put your well relative to your septic tank? |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Shallow aquifer composed of multiple point bars, crevasse splays, and over-bank deposits. Most easily contaminated. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Which substance makes the best aqua clue? |
|
|
Term
| Terrace aquifers are the worst, then perched water tables, then regional aquifers--particularly in effluent systems are the best. |
|
Definition
| List the types of aquifers by level of danger of contamination |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| when water cannot directly infiltrate to the water table |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cook Mountain Formation (250 ft thick, made of marine clay). Aqua clue. |
|
Definition
| What formation lies directly above the sparta aquifer? how thick is it, and what is it made of? |
|
|
Term
| The Cane River Formation. Made of marine clay. |
|
Definition
| Formation directly below the Sparta and what it's made of |
|
|
Term
| Cockfield formation (fluvial sand) |
|
Definition
| Formation above the Cook Mountain formation and what it's made of |
|
|
Term
| Ruston sits on the junction between Cockfield and Cook Mountain |
|
Definition
| What two formations does Ruston sit on top of? |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Unconfined aquifer example. Better than the Sparta |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What formation does Ruston drill through to reach the Sparta? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What is the general name for the area where an aquifer reaches the surface and can receive water (shaped like a horseshoe)? |
|
|
Term
| Central Arkansas, and around through the Minden area |
|
Definition
| Where is the Sparta's recharge zone? |
|
|
Term
| If you spill gasoline in Minden (recharge zone) it will find its way to Ruston and completely contaminate our water supply. We have to be very aware of contamination to the East and North of us. |
|
Definition
| Why do we have to be careful with water in the Minden area? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A spring which flows under high hydraulic pressure |
|
|
Term
| confined aquifers, unconfined aquifers, caverns, sinkholes, solution valleys, and geysers. |
|
Definition
| 6 basic landforms associated with groundwater systems |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| holes created by dissolving country rock. |
|
|
Term
| Guadalupe Mountains (Carlsbad caverns) |
|
Definition
| Best example of caverns in our area |
|
|
Term
| the Lechiguilla caverns, which are not open to the public |
|
Definition
| Down south of the Carlsbad caverns you will find _____________, a "living cave" (still growing) |
|
|
Term
| Lechiguilla. mapped 150 miles of caverns, which is about 1/5 of the cavern. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What are stalagmites, stalactites and flowstone made of? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| One of the largest petroleum finds--made as the sea level dropped and a basin was back-filled with organic material |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| If a cavern approaches the surface too closely, eventually the ceiling will collapse, creating a |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sinkholes are caused by __________, (usually of limestone) and collapse |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Elongated sinkholes caused by very large caverns falling in (they usually meander back and forth) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is a flat line, limestone terrain pocked by multiple sinkholes and solution valleys. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Lanform associated with groundwater systems that requires a hole, a heat source (usually magma), and ground water to backfill the hole |
|
|
Term
| Pressure of the overlying water |
|
Definition
| how does the water from a geyser get heated well above the boiling point? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Which park is best known for geysers? |
|
|
Term
| "Old Faithful." Named that because it always erupts on time. It is easy to know when a geyser will erupt as long as the hole stays the same size. |
|
Definition
| Which geyser in yellowstone is best known, and how did it get its name? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| if you pump the ground water out faster than it can replenish itself, the surface of the land drops. This geologic hazard is known as |
|
|
Term
| The Great Valley, and Houston and Galveston (which are both pumping water AND petroleum). |
|
Definition
| Name three areas where the ground has depressed so much that it is past or is approaching sea level |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 2 cities with limited groundwater (groundwater that is not being replenished--not renewable) |
|
|
Term
| Ground depression, over use (cone of depression), and contamination |
|
Definition
| Name the hazards associated with groundwater systems |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Contamination of groundwater systems is usually caused by ____________, but it also has __________ causes. |
|
|
Term
| Salt domes. When ground water passes through a salt dome, it dissolves the salt dome and the water down stream is saline—not usable by plants or humans. |
|
Definition
| good example of a natural source of groundwater contamination |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Dumping connate water into surface streams rather than disposing of it properly |
|
|
Term
| LNAPL (Light, Non-Aqueous Phase Liquids)--liquids that float on top of the water. |
|
Definition
| Another source of groundwater contamination (other than clandestine dumping) caused by humans |
|
|
Term
| Leaking Underground Storage Tanks (LUSTs) |
|
Definition
| What is the contamination from LNAPLs usually caused by? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pool of pure gasoline on the top of the water table caused by LUSTs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Free phase and liquid infiltrate and volatilize, forming fumes which fill the pore spaces, where they are referred to as the |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Some of the gas dissolves and is transported by groundwater down stream, where it is referred to as the ___________ phase. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Some of the infiltrating gas adsorbs to the sediment grains where it’s referred to as ________ phase. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| During the rainy season, the water table moves _____. During the dry season, it moves ______. |
|
|
Term
| The rise and fall of the water table, smears the gasoline through the overlying sediments and back, forming what is referred to as the smear zone. |
|
Definition
| What happens to the free phase when the water table moves up? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the movement of the liquid in response to surface volume tension. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Gas and water can move upwards against gravity by |
|
|
Term
| capillary fringe (because it's caused by capillary action) |
|
Definition
| The concentration of gas above the free phase |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Hardest part of any spill to clean up (millions of dollars) |
|
|
Term
| Smear zone (because the pieces of liquid are so isolated that they cannot be vacuumed up). |
|
Definition
| 2nd hardest part of spill to clean up |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Multimillion dollar business in LA, multibillion in U.S. as a whole. Cleaning up chemical spills that are contaminating groundwater. |
|
|
Term
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Definition
| LNAPL remediation in place |
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Term
Advantage: It is less destructive. You can do it while everyone on the surface goes about their business.
Disadvantage: The spill could take decades to clean, maintenance gets expensive over time. |
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Definition
| Advantages and disadvantages of IN-Situ remediation |
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Term
| (1) pump out free phase, (2) Surface Vacuum Extraction (SVE--addresses the volatile and adsorbed phases) (3) sparging |
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Definition
| Steps in In-Situ remediation |
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Term
| the liquid gets broken into isolated components and it can no longer be pumped, so it must be pumped very slowly. So they vacuum and pump as the same time. |
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Definition
| Why should you pump the free phase slowly in in-situ remediation? |
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Term
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Definition
| Pumping air into the groundwater to volatilize the dissolved phase components and make it available for SVE |
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Term
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Definition
| What gas is often used for sparging? |
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Term
Advantages: Only takes a few months
Disadvantages: ozone is a dangerous substance. High levels of ozone for more than 4 or 5 minutes will give you permanent damage. |
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Definition
| Advantages and disadvantages of sparging with ozone (O3) |
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Term
| lightning--because lightning generates a lot of ozone. (so do xerox machines). |
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Definition
| what does ozone smell like? |
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Term
| Exsitu (or "Cut and Truck") remediation |
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Definition
| LNAPL remediation that removes the problem and takes care of it somewhere else. |
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Term
| by Dual Phase Extraction (DPE). You pull a vacuum on a very large pipe (8-inch or larger) and pull liquids and gases at the same time. |
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Definition
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Term
| surface spills--like if a truck full of chemicals falls on the freeway |
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Definition
| Exsitu is best suited to clean |
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Term
Advantages: very fast, no maintenance
Disadvantages: could cause a collapse if you are close to the water table and kill your operators. |
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Definition
| Advantages and disadvantages of Exsitu by DPE |
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Term
| cutting back a forested hillside will cause all the water to come down into a river at once, and none of it will be absorbed by plant life. This causes flooding. |
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Definition
| How can humans impact the potential of flooding? |
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Term
| contour plowing and breakwaters |
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Definition
| 2 ways to lengthen response time (keep water from reaching the stream too fast) |
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Term
| 35%. 35% of the sand must be occupied by pore space--all of which has been filled. |
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Definition
| What is the porosity of 1000mL of sand with 350mL of water up to the same level? |
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Term
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Definition
| What is the porosity of sand? |
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Term
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Definition
| What is the porosity of sandstone? |
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Term
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Definition
| What is the porosity of gravel? |
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Term
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Definition
| What is the porosity of clay? |
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Term
Porosity: 0.04%
Hydraulic conductivity: 0.0004 |
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Definition
| What is the porosity and hydraulic conductivity of granite? |
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Term
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Definition
| City that lies on the birds foot delta and will flood in our lifetime--creating a water shortage in N.O. |
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Term
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Definition
| As you move away from the river bed, the velocity of the water __________ |
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Term
| high (because you will pick up the whole bottom. On a graph, the curve looks like a check mark. clay has the highest entrainment velocity, then next to it, silt has the lowest, sand has the second lowest, and gravel has the 2nd highest.) |
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Definition
| Is the entrainment velocity of clay low or high? |
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Term
| The Rotation of the earth from East to West causes water to pile up in the Caribbean. |
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Definition
| The Caribbean is 30 ft lower than the Pacific. What causes the different heights? |
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Term
| clay has the lowest, gravel has the highest. The entrainment curve lies above the deposition curve. |
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Definition
| Which sediment has the highest deposition velocity? what has the lowest? |
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Term
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Definition
| Coarse materials left behind at the bottom of a troph (of a meandering stream) |
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Term
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Definition
| Glaciers in equilibrium deposit ___. Receding glaciers deposit ___. Advancing glaciers deposit ___. |
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