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GEOL 105 Final Review
Violent Earth final, red numbers
47
Geology
Undergraduate 1
04/30/2011

Additional Geology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
January 12, 2010
Definition
Port-au-Prince Haiti date
Term
Magnitude 7.0 earthquake
Definition
Port-au-Prince Haiti magnitude
Term
92,000 - 230,000 believed dead
Definition
Port-au-Prince Haiti fatality numbers
Term
*$7.8 Billion Economic Loss
Definition
Port-au-Prince Haiti Economic Loss
Term
500 – 600 fatalities
Definition
Magnitude 8.8 OFFSHORE MAULE, CHILE fatalities
Term
*$30 Billion in Economic Losses
Definition
OFFSHORE MAULE, CHILE Economic Losses
Term
1/5 of Pakistan is Underwater
Definition
____ of Pakistan is Underwater
Term
Human Casualties: 1781+, Pakistan Floods
Definition
Pakistan Floods casualities
Term
Economic Loss:
~$43 Billion
Definition
Pakistan Floods Economic Loss
Term
Human species ‘began’ approximately 160,000 years ago, with a few thousand people
Definition
Human species ‘began’ approximately ____ years ago, with a few thousand people
Term
Human population has grown to over 6.9 billion people in 2011
Definition
Human population has grown to over ___ billion people in 2011
Term
For most of human history, our population was kept steady according to how much food could be produced in an average year.
Definition
For most of human history, our population was kept steady according to ___ could be produced in an average year.
Term
Improvements in agriculture between 8000 and 2000 years ago caused the human population to grow to about 200 million people.
Definition
Improvements in agriculture between ___ and ___ years ago caused the human population to grow to about 200 million people.
Term
Bubonic Plague: 1346 - 1350
Definition
Bubonic Plague: date
Term
Claimed 100,000,000 lives,
25,000,000 in Europe alone
Definition
Bubonic plague fatality
Term
Reduced population of Europe by nearly 1/3
Definition
Bubonic plague reduced Europe's population by nearly __
Term
By 1750, population ~800 million people
Definition
By 1750, population ___ million people
Term
By the end of 2011, projected population ~7 billion
Definition
By the end of 2011, projected population ___
Term
Doubling time = 70/Growth rate
Definition
Rule of Seventy: Doubling time = _/_
Term
Population Reference Bureau estimates world population growth rates are dropping
From 1.8% in 1990 to 1.2% in 2008
Definition
Population Reference Bureau estimates world population growth rates are dropping
From __% in 1990 to __% in 2008
Term
Solar radiation:
43% visible wavelengths
49% near-infrared wavelengths
7% ultraviolet wavelengths
Short wavelength
Definition
Solar radiation:
__% visible wavelengths
__% near-infrared wavelengths
__% ultraviolet wavelengths
Short wavelength
Term
Sun’s energy:
30% reflected back to space as short wavelengths (albedo)

47% absorbed as heat

23% evaporates water and begins hydrologic cycle
Definition
Sun’s energy:
__% reflected back to space as short wavelengths (albedo)
__% absorbed as heat
__% evaporates water and begins hydrologic cycle
Term
Inner core is solid and 2,450 km in diameter
Definition
Inner core is solid and ___km in diameter
Term
Earth’s mantle: 2,900 km thick
Definition
Earth’s mantle: ___ km thick
Term
Earth’s mantle: 83% of Earth’s volume, 67% of Earth’s mass
Definition
Earth’s mantle: __% of Earth’s volume, __% of Earth’s mass
Term
Core – densities up to 16 gm/cm3
Definition
Core – densities up to __ gm/cm3
Term
Mantle – densities from 5.7 to 3.3 gm/cm3
Definition
Mantle – densities from __ to __ gm/cm3
Term
Continents (crust) – densities
around 2.7 gm/cm3
Definition
Continents (crust) – densities
around __ gm/cm3
Term
Big Bang ~12 - 14 (15?) billion years
Definition
Big Bang ~___billion years
Term
Solar System ~5 billion years
Definition
Solar System ~__ billion years
Term
Earth ~4.6 billion years
Definition
Earth ~_ billion years
Term
1915: Alfred Wegener publishes The Origin of Continents and Oceans
Definition
____: Alfred Wegener publishes The Origin of Continents and Oceans
Term
Pangaea (~300 - 255 Ma)
Definition
Pangaea (~___ - ___ Ma)
Term
By the mid 1960s, scientists were faced with a huge amount of new information that was making it very difficult to continue to argue against some kind of large scale movement of the Earth’s crust.
Definition
By the mid ____s, scientists were faced with a huge amount of new information that was making it very difficult to continue to argue against some kind of large scale movement of the Earth’s crust.
Term
plate tectonics: Cycle takes on order of 250 million years
Definition
plate tectonics: Cycle takes on order of ___ million years
Term
Crust under Tibetan plateau is 70 km thick, highest continental area on Earth
Definition
Crust under Tibetan plateau is __ km thick, highest continental area on Earth
Term
The Great Kanto Earthquake
Tokyo & Yokohama, Japan, 1923
Definition
The Great Kanto Earthquake
Tokyo & Yokohama, Japan, ____ (year)
Term
Shaanxi Earthqake
Central China, 1556
Definition
Shaanxi Earthqake
Central China, ____ (year)
Term
less well known faults such as the Enriquillo fault…may also be potential sources of significant earthquakes and merit additional studies.”
Definition
less well known faults such as the _____ fault…may also be potential sources of significant earthquakes and merit additional studies.”
Term
Enriquillo fault in Haiti is currently capable of a Mw 7.2 earthquake
Definition
Enriquillo fault in Haiti is currently capable of a Mw ___ earthquake
Term
Calais and colleagues met with Haiti’s prime minister and interior minister in May 2008.
Definition
Calais and colleagues met with Haiti’s prime minister and interior minister in May 2008.
Term
Earthquake 1999 Izmit, Turkey
Definition
earthquake in ___(year) Izmit, Turkey
Term
Theory of Plate tectonics is < 50 years old!
Definition
Theory of Plate tectonics is < __ years old!
Term
S (secondary) waves 3.6 km/sec through average continental crust, and 4.5 km/sec through upper mantle
Definition
S (secondary) waves __ km/sec through average continental crust, and __ km/sec through upper mantle
Term
360-260 Million Years Ago
Definition
Late Paleozoic Ice age date
Term
65-55 Million
Definition
Late Paleocene Torrid (warm) age date
Term
The past 55 Million
Definition
Late Cenozoic Ice Age: date
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